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高雄元亨寺推動佛教教育落實人間佛教—從口述史探索菩妙長老的宗教實踐

The Contributions of Yuan-heng Temple, Kaohsiung in Promoting Buddhist Education and Practicing Buddhism in the Human World: An Exploration into Master Pu Miau's Endeavours in Advocating Buddhism in the Human World

摘要


太虛大師(簡稱大師)於上(20)世紀初,提出「人生佛教」以挽救近世佛教的頹勢。印順導師(簡稱導師)好讀書,思想廣闊宏偉,既集大師學說之大成,又發揚光大,突顯佛與菩薩原生活在人間,修行解脫亦在人間。主張應以人為中心,重視現世人生,修學人間佛教─人菩薩行,先修成完善人格,終極理想是「成佛在人間」,卒成體大思精的人間佛教。時至今日,人間佛教的理念已為大多數華人世界共同的信仰,在全球佛教界亦予認同。「徒法不足以自行」,倡導需有先知先覺者,而以身作則身體力行為眾生表率,尤需有所典範。後者當可以台灣佛教界共同敬仰的高雄市元亨寺重興第一代住持菩妙長老(簡稱老和尚)為代表。導師與老和尚間,大半生亦師亦友,老和尚對導師倡導之人間佛教,更奉行不渝;尤有甚者其腳踏實地,不計艱辛地推動佛教教育,來實踐人間佛教的行止,可為四眾楷模,老和尚直接認識人間佛教,是透過與導師交往論學請教,與閱覽導師的論著;間接又得到導師的追隨弟子演培法師(1917-1996)及其知己師弟通妙法師(1917-仍健在,還俗後回復俗名的吳老擇教授)等的有力協助。本文討論略區分為兩部分:一為老和尚致力推動佛教教育,落實人間佛教之緣由,即老和尚深受導師影響之來龍去脈;一為老和尚如何推動佛教教育,落實人間佛教之經過與成果。老和尚慟於2009(民國98)年元月13日(農曆12月18日),世壽90歲,僧臘74載,戒臘54夏,各界哀悼。筆者謹藉此表達衷心深沉的哀悼。

並列摘要


In early 20(superscript th) Century, Master Tai Hsu first introduced and advocated ”Human Buddhism” as a measure to save contemporary Buddhism from being extinct. His idea was later followed by Master Yin Shun. Master Yin Shun was a very learned and profound thinker; he not only followed Master Tai Hsu's footsteps closely but also developed his idea, making it feasible for Buddhism to be practiced in the human world. He emphasized that Buddha-hood and Boddhisattva practice could also be cultivated by ordinary people in this world, and that it was possible to achieve true liberation in the human world. He proposed that human beings should treasure the fact of being human, become good human beings first, practice Boddhisattva acts, and then eventually attain Buddha-hood in this human world. This is the idea of Humanistic Buddhism. Now this idea has become the belief of many Chinese communities all over the world and has been recognized worldwide. However, ”dharma can not proceed without guidance.” It has to be first advocated by those who have a well-informed vision, especially those who can put the vision in practice and set good models for all to follow. One of the model practitioners who put the Humanist Buddhism into practice was Master Pu Miau, the first abbot of Yuan-heng Temple in Kaohsiung. He was both a follower and a friend of Master Yin Shun throughout his life. He was totally devoted to the practice of Humanistic Buddhism as explicated by Master Yin Shun. Moreover, he started Buddhist education at a time full of difficulties. In fact, he had become a role model for the four groups of disciples. Master Pu Miau came to understand Humanistic Buddhism directly by interacting and learning from Master Yin Shun in person and by studying his writings. Besides, he was also supported and assisted by the Master's associates: Master Yen Pei (1917-1996, one of Master Yin Shun's students) and Master Tung Miau (1917-, Master Yin Shun's dharma brother who later resumed his secular life as Wu Lao-tse.) This paper is divided into two sections: the first section discusses how Master Pu Miau learned from Master Yin Shun's idea of Humanistic Buddhism and how he practiced it. The second section discusses the process and achievements of Master Pu Miau promotion of Buddhist education and practice of Humanistic Buddhism. Master Pu Miau passed away on January 13(superscript th), 2009 (December 18 of the lunar calendar), with a long life of 90 years, 74 of which being a monk. This paper is dedicated to this venerable master as an expression of respect and mourning of the writer.

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