古柏坦對現代奧運會中的民族主義之認知與作為

The Recognition and Conduct of Coubertin's Nationalism upon Modern Olympic Games

劉進枰(Chin-Ping Liu) ； 張嚴仁(Yen-Jen Chang)

《弘光人文社會學報》 15期 (2012/07) Pp. 118-132

https://doi.org/10.29933/SHSS.201207.0006

摘要

民族主義在奧運會的歷史中佔有重要的影響地位，1896年奧運會復興成功古柏坦（Pierre de Coubertin 1863～1937）位居首功，他如何看待民族主義，值得研究。本研究之目的，在於理解古柏坦如何看待他加入於奧運會的民族主義因子，以及如何面對它所引發的不良效應。筆者根據古柏坦的所言所行，佐以相關的史實來撰寫本文，並得到以下的結論：（一）古柏坦在奧運會中刻意地加入國旗、國家等民族主義的象徵，使民族主義成為奧運會中重要的組成因子。（二）古柏坦主觀地認為民族主義對奧運會有正面的功能，但在國際現實之下並非如此樂觀。（三）在國際現實之下，奧運會中因民族主義所興起的紛爭時有所聞，這原是古柏坦始料所未及者，他所採用的解決方法是：訴諸道德勸說，或是尋求妥協。

關鍵字

民族主義 ； 奧運會 ； 古柏坦

並列摘要

Nationalism was an important factor in the history of the Olympic Games. As to the revival of Modern Olympic Game, Pierre de Coubertin(1863~1937) should be the one merited most. Therefore, how Pierre de Coubertin recognized the Nationalism of Olympic Game was well discussable. The purposes of this research were to know how Pierre de Coubertin viewed the Nationalism of Olympic Game, and how he dealt with the negative effects of Nationalism. By means of reviewing Coubertin's personal behavior and documentary records, researcher summarized this article and concluded as follows: (1) The idea of intentionally showed up nation flags and titles in Modern Olympic Games by Coubertin had nationalism become the important fact of Modern Olympic Games. (2) Coubertin thought subjectively that the nationalism should have a positive function for Modern Olympic Games, but under the international situation it seemed not.(3) Under the international situation, the argument attributed by nationalism in Modern Olympic Games was known frequently and it never known beforehand by Coubertin. The method he adopted to resolve the argument was moral advice or compromise.

並列關鍵字

Nationalism ； Olympic Games ； Coubertin