- 期刊
曹植〈洛神賦〉女神形象探析
The Image of Goddess in Cao-Zhi's <||>Luo-Shen Fu<||>
摘要
曹植的〈洛神賦〉，一直被公認是中國文學女神書寫傳統的典範。此賦作於黃初三年，當時曹植被曹丕排擠，內心失意，經過洛水時想起洛神，有感而發。文可分六段，從洛神靜態形象描寫、洛神和曹植的互動，及兩人分離時曹植的失落，結構完整，如一篇神話故事。曹植在首段即自承此賦創作靈感來自宋玉〈神女賦〉，加上他對女神的外在形象、「奇遇－失落」的情節，可見曹植書寫洛神時繼承屈原的香草美人傳統、宋玉女神書寫等。曹植在這篇賦使用對話形式，運用大量鋪敘、用典及排偶句，都是漢賦常見的手法。 關於曹植作此文的動機，歷來說法莫衷一是，大致上認爲曹植是因甄妃而寫、因不得曹丕喜愛而寫、因愛情憧憬而寫等。筆者認爲曹植在書寫時未必針對現實人物而寫，但文章在情感上，表達了曹植在亂世中不得志的失意和寂寞。藉由對仙境的想像、對洛神的美貌書寫，我們可以看到曹植對於目前處境的困頓和對於另一個世界的渴望。就寫作技巧而言，曹植和女神一直有所阻隔，沒有肌膚之親，且他在賦中表現出把女性物化的特質，可見他並非真要寫女神崇拜，或把洛神當性幻想對象，而是藉由創作，昇華內心的苦悶。
並列摘要
Cao-Zhi's ＜||＞Luo-Shen Fu＜||＞ is recognized as the representative canon in the tradition of Goddess literature in China. This piece of work is composed at the third year of Cao-Pi's reign, when Cao-Zhi, marginalized by Cao-Pi and feeling frustrated then, passed by the River Luo and got inspired by the Goddess of River Luo, ＜||＞Luo-Shen.＜||＞ Divided into six paragraphs, this mythical piece of work offers a description about the outlook of Luo-Shen, Cao-Zhi's interaction with Luo-Shen, and Cao-Zhi's sense of loss after his departure from the Goddess. In addition to Cao-Zhi's confession in the first paragraph that he is also inspired by Song-Yu's ＜||＞Shen-Nu Fu,＜||＞ Cao-Zhi's description of the Goddess's appearance and his use of the motif of encounter followed by sense of loss show that Cao-Zhi is under the influence from Qu-Yuan's ＜||＞Vanilla Beauty＜||＞ and Song-Yu's Goddess images. The forms of dialogues in Cao-Zhi's ＜||＞Luo-Shen Fu,＜||＞ such as exposition, allusion and parallel, are typical writing skills in Han-Fu. Critics now hold diverse opinions about Cao-Zhi's motivation of writing this piece of work. Some think that Cao-Zhi writes for Zhen-Fei, a concubine of the King; some think that Cao-Zhi writes for his marginalization by Cao-Pi; still others think that Cao-Zhi writes for the longing of love. I will argue that Cao-Zhi does not necessarily write in accordance with some specific figures in reality, but we can sense his disappointment and loneliness in a turbulent age. By the imagination of a paradise and the description about Goddess Luo, we witness Cao-Zhi's troubles in a political situation and his longing for another world. Actually, throughout this piece of work, Cao-Zhi not only reifies the Goddess Luo but he is also distanced from Goddess Luo and deprived of any opportunity to touch her, which show that Cao-Zhi does not aim to write for the sake of worshipping a beautiful goddess, nor to treat Goddess Luo as the figure of his sexual imagination. Instead, Cao-Zhi tries to sublimate his troubles by means of writing.