中部地區護理長工作壓力與因應策略之探討

A Study on Job Stress and Coping Strategies among Head Nurses in Central Taiwan

詹慧珠(Hui-Chu Chan) ； 宋琇鈺(Hsiu-Yu Sung) ； 林麗英(Lih-Ying Lin) ； 朱淑媛(Shu-Yuan Chu) ； 劉波兒(Po-Erh Liu)

《實證護理》 4卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 200-211

https://doi.org/10.6225/JEBN.4.3.200

摘要

護理長是護理界的中堅份子，若其因職業壓力產生倦怠提早離開職場，實非護理界及病患之福。本研究目的為了解中部地區護理長所面對之壓力與其因應策略。本研究設計採橫斷描述性研究以護理長工作壓力量表、因應策略量表針對中部地區級以上之教學醫院護理長進行收案，收集之資料以無母數統計方法分析。發出163份問卷，有效問卷141份(86.5%)；研究結果為：護理長面對壓力前五項依序為「新制醫院評鑑」、「文書工作太多」、「擔心所屬人員應變能力不足」、「行政會議太多」、「需監測護理品質與感染管制」。護理長最主要的工作壓力為「工作本身」之職責；最重要的壓力來源彙整有「新制醫院評鑑」及「人力短缺」。護理長們最常使用之壓力因應策略依序為「按部就班的解決」、「很希望情況逐漸好轉」、「想想自己過去處理其他問題的經驗」。此外，護理長之年齡、婚姻、教育程度、護理長年資及工作薪資與工作壓力有顯著相關。就所得結果，建議針對「新制醫院評鑑」應多舉辦在職教育；加強護理長的應變能力，以降低護理長的工作壓力；護理人力須重新評估實際的護病人力比，以降低惡性循環所造成的人力流失。

關鍵字

護理長 ； 工作壓力 ； 因應策略

並列摘要

Since head nurses perform a prominent role in the healthcare profession, it is imperative that their rate of resignation due to job-related stress be reduced. The purpose of this study was to identify the job-related stresses of head nurses and their coping strategies in the teaching hospitals of the central region of Taiwan. The Job Stress Scale (JSS) and Coping Strategies Scale (COPE) were used to assess the 163 head nurses. Nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the valid data, which wre obtained from 141 head nurses in total. The top five stressors were successively identified as: ”the new hospital accreditation system”, ”too much paperwork”, ”inadequate response ability of personnel”, ”too many administrative meetings”, and ”the need to supervise nursing quality and infection control”. The majority of head nurses recognized ”the job itself,” as the primary source of stress, and ”the new hospital accreditation system” and ”manpower shortage” were the most stressful of the stressors. The coping strategies used frequently were ”step-by-step problem-solving”, ”hoping the situation will improve slowly”, and ”past experience”. The age of the head nurse, marital status, educational level, seniority as a head nurse and salary, furthermore, showed significant relations with stress. Training programs on the, ”new hospital accreditation system,” and dealing with contingencies are necessary to help head nurses to reduce their job-related stress. Staffing also needs to be re-evaluated on the basis of the nurse-to-patient-ratio to improve the turnover rate among nurses.

並列關鍵字

head nurse ； job stress ； coping strategies