長期照護機構老人孤寂感及其相關因素探討

Loneliness and Related Factors among the Elderly Living in Long-Term Care Facilities

侯慧明(Hui-Ming Hou) ； 陳玉敏(Yuh-Min Chen)

《實證護理》 4卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 212-221

https://doi.org/10.6225/JEBN.4.3.212

摘要

本研究旨在探討長期照護機構老人孤寂感及其相關因素。採相關性研究設計，以立意取樣自台中縣市七所長期照護機構中取得100名符合收案標準之老人，進行面對面訪查。研究工具包括基本屬性量表、UCLA孤寂感量表、老年憂鬱量表簡明版及社會支持量表。結果顯示，UCLA孤寂感量表之平均得分為49分（標準差10.14），且其與有無宗教信仰及過去有無職業呈顯著之差異，其中以無宗教信仰及過去有職業者，孤寂感的得分較高。此外本研究亦發現孤寂感和憂鬱呈顯著正相關，但與整體社會支持及社會支持滿意度均呈顯著負相關，顯示機構老人憂鬱程度低，社會支持愈多，對社會支持愈滿意，其孤寂感程度愈低。再則以逐步複迴歸分析探討孤寂感之預測因子，結果顯示孤寂感之重要預測因子為憂鬱、院友支持與子女支持，共可解釋48.5%的變異量，顯示老人之憂鬱狀況、院友與子女支持之情形，對預測老人是否有孤寂感具重要影響。本研究結果可做為長期照護機構相關工作人員在提供老人心理照顧時之參考，以促進老人於機構中心靈之安適。

關鍵字

長期照護機構 ； 老人 ； 孤寂感 ； 憂鬱

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of loneliness in the elderly living in long-term care facilities. A correlational research design and purposive sampling were used to recruit 100 elderly persons who met the sampling criteria, from seven long-term care facilities located in the Taichung metropolitan area, and face-to-face interviews were applied. The measurement tools included a demographic questionnaire, revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form and Social Support Scale. The results showed that the mean score on UCLA loneliness scale was 49 (SD=10.14). There were significant differences in loneliness between different groups, depending on whether they had religious beliefs and on their previous occupational status. Those who had no religious beliefs and those who had worked in the past had higher scores for loneliness. The results also indicated that loneliness was positively correlated with depression, but negatively correlated with social support and satisfaction with social support, indicating that institutionalized elderly who had lower levels of depression, greater social support, and higher satisfaction demonstrated lower levels of loneliness. Stepwise multiple regression showed that depression, support from other residents, and children were the significant predictors of loneliness and explained 48.5% of variance in loneliness, indicating that depression and support from other residents and children were significant predictors to loneliness. The results of this study may serve as references for long-term care facility personnel in promoting the psychological well-being of the elderly.

並列關鍵字

long-term care facilities ； elderly ； loneliness ； depression