大學生身體活動變化階段與身體活動耗量及健康狀況之關係研究

Relationships among Stages of Change, Energy Consumption and Health Status in Physical Activity of Chinese University Students

段艷平(Yan-Ping Duan) ； 張茹(Ru Zhang) ； Walter Brehm

《臺灣運動心理學報》 13卷1期 (2013/05) Pp. 1-23

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20130501_13(1).0001

摘要

目的：本研究基於鍛鍊心理學領域中的“以無活動到保持活動的四步驟模型”（Four Steps from Inactivity to Activity；FIT模型），旨在考查中國内地大學生身體活動變化階段與能耗量以及變化階段與健康變量（身體體質、主觀良好感、健康滿意度、不適感、BMI）之間的關係。方法：採用橫斷性研究設計，以3807名中國大學生（平均年齡 = 19.11，SD = 1.34）為研究對象，運用方差分析，多重比較以及簡單效應檢驗對數據進行處理。結果：（1）身體活動變化階段在能耗量上主效應顯著，處於活動階段的大學生，其能耗量大於不活動階段的大學生，且處於保持期個體的能耗量顯著大於探索期和波動期。性別，年級和地區可以調節階段與能耗量的關係。（2）除BMI之外，身體活動變化階段在各個健康變量上的主效應均顯著，處於活動階段的大學生，其總體健康水平好於不活動階段的大學生；處於保持期的大學生，其健康狀況水平好於探索期和波動期。此外，性別、年級和地區在不同程度上調節了變化階段與健康變量的關係。結論：本研究初步驗證了大學生身體活動變化階段與每周能耗量的對應關係以及變化階段與健康變量之間的相關關係，為今後運用FIT模型有效診斷大學生身體活動變化階段及其健康狀況提供了實證依據。

關鍵字

FIT模型 ； 身體活動 ； 變化階段 ； 能耗量 ； 健康狀況

並列摘要

Purpose: Based on the FIT Model (Four Steps from Inactivity to Activity), this study examined relationship between physical activity stages of change and energy consumption as well as relationship between physical activity stage of change and health variables (physical fitness, subjective wellbeing, health satisfaction, physical complaints and BMI) among Mainland Chinese university students sample. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3087 university students (M = 19.11, SD = 1.34) were sampled. For data analysis, ANOVA, post-hoc comparison and simple effect test were employed. Results: It was found that (1) Stages of change had significant main effect on energy consumption. Students who were in physically active stages had more energy consumption than those in physically inactive stages, and students on maintaining stages had more energy consumption than those on exploring and fluctuating stages. Additionally, gender, grade and region can moderate the relationship between energy consumption and stages of change. (2) Stages of change had significant simple main effect on health variables (BMI is an exception). Students who were in physically active stages had better health status than those in physically inactive stages, and students on maintaining stage had better health status (higher fitness, positive subjective wellbeing and health satisfaction, lower negative subjective wellbeing and physical complaints) than those on exploring and fluctuating stages. Furthermore, gender, grade and region can moderate the relationship between health variables and stages of change. Conclusion: This study preliminarily verified the relationship between physical activity stages of change and energy consumption as well as relationship between stages of change and health variables, which provide empirical evidence for diagnosing stages of change and health status among Chinese university students in the future.

並列關鍵字

FIT model ； physical activity ； stages of change ； energy consumption ； health status

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