This study attempted to investigate whether sport participation could significantly predict the components of residents' subjective well-being (SWB) of residents through establishing a linear structure model as well as surveying in a specific community. The study was divided into two stages: The first stage was to survey on 300 voluntary residents of Shilin district in Taipei by constructing proper measures as the components of SWB and using structural equation modeling (SEM) to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis. The second stage was to examine the relationship among sport participation, the various components of SWB, and the demographic variables. The results showed that there were positive significant relationship between sport participation, age and the residents' psychological well-being. However, sport participation and demographic variables seemed that there is no significant effect on predicting emotional and social well-being.