孩童心肺適能、認知功能與大腦之關聯：以核磁共振造影研究進行回顧

Cardiovascular Fitness is Associated with Cognitive Functions and Brain in Children: a Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies

陳豐慈(Feng-Tzu Chen) ； 祝堅恆(Chien-Heng Chu) ； 楊高騰(Kao-Teng Yang) ； 張育愷(Yu-Kai Chang)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 15卷2期 (2015/11) Pp. 149-168

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT2015.1502.08

摘要

近代研究已開始以核磁共振造影取向探討心肺適能、認知功能與大腦的關係，並且發現心肺適能與認知功能，甚至是大腦結構與功能間之正面關聯。然而相對於老年族群，該議題應用於孩童族群仍處於初始的階段。本文嘗試以MRI的視角，回顧孩童心肺適能對於大腦之影響，其內容包括潛在之生物機制、大腦結構，以及大腦功能等探討。本回顧指出，無論在動物或人類研究多證實心肺適能與生物機制呈現正向關聯之情形。此外，高心肺適能孩童不僅能增加海馬迴、基底核等腦區的容量，且提高輻射冠、上縱束等腦區的白質結構完整性。而在大腦功能上，高心肺適能的孩童則與特定認知功能作業，以及其有關之前額葉、頂葉腦區活化有關。未來研究建議可由縱貫式實驗設計、不同族群，及不同認知類別等方向進行探討，進一步提供孩童心肺適能與大腦間關聯之相關依據。

關鍵字

心肺適能 ； 認知功能 ； 核磁共振造影 ； 大腦結構 ； 大腦活化

並列摘要

Recent research has employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to explore the possible relation between cardiovascular fitness and cognitive and brain functions, and has reported a positive association among cardiovascular fitness, brain structure, and brain functions. In contrast to studies engaging older populations, however, research focusing on children is still limited. This study reviewed the influence of cardio-respiratory fitness on children's brain. Specifically, the potential relations underlying biological mechanisms, brain structure and brain functions were proposed. Generally, research has indicated that cardio-respiratory fitness levels were positively associated with biological mechanisms. Furthermore, children's cardiovascular fitness levels were not only positively associated with the volume of the hippocampus and the basal ganglia, they were also positively linked to the volume of the corona radiate and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Regarding brain functions, children with higher cardiovascular fitness levels demonstrated superior performance on several specific cognitive tasks, and this superiority might be related to activities in the prefrontal and the parietal cortex. Finally, it is worthwhile for future research to explore the association between children's cardiovascular fitness levels and brain structure and functions through using a longitudinal experimental design, focusing on specific child populations, and assessing performances related to various cognitive functions.

並列關鍵字

cardiovascular fitness ； cognition ； magnetic resonance imaging ； brain structure ； brain activation

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