日本における外国人の人権保障－選挙権を中心として－日本對外國人之人權保障－以選舉權為中心－

The Guarantee of Foreigners' Human Rights in Japan-Focus on the Right to Vote-

蘇俊斌(Chun-Pin Su)

《興國學報》 7期 (2007/01) Pp. 109-118

https://doi.org/10.29950/JHKUM.200701.0007

摘要

日本憲法在性質上本來就是針對日本國民，而日本人民的人權則是受憲法所保障。所以憲法的人權保障是否及於外國人常是一項微妙的問題，而且若有適用的話，其適用範圍又是為何。根據多數學說及司法判決，則是依照權利的性質而定。如表現自由、宗教自由等自由權，外國人亦受憲法所保障。而生存權等社會權則屬於國家政府的裁量權。至於選舉權，由於國民主權緣故，一般則不及於外國人。不過近來卻有主張賦予外國人地方選舉權，尤其在全球化的潮流下，更應讓外國人的意願反應在公共事務上，並使其對此負責。而這也在日本成為一項爭論的議題。本文便是以選舉權為中心，對日本對於外國人的人權保障加以研究。

關鍵字

人權 ； 選舉權 ； 憲法 ； 日本

並列摘要

The Japanese Constitution is, in nature, aimed at the people of Japan. The human rights of all Japanese people are guaranteed by the Constitution. However, it is a delicate issue if the constitutional rights should be applied to the human rights of foreigners, and if so, how far they should be applied. According to the majority theory and the judicial decision, it would depend on the nature of human rights. The civil rights, such as freedom of expression, freedom of religion, of foreigners are guaranteed by the Constitution. The social rights, such as right to live, of foreigners are at discretion of the national government. In general, because of the sovereignty of the national people, the right to vote is not extended to foreigners. Recently, however, some supported the idea of providing the foreigners with the rights to vote in local elections, which can reflect the will of foreigners in local public affairs and give duties and responsibilities to them, on the grounds of the current world-wide globalization trend. This has become an arguable issue in Japan. This paper focuses on the right to vote and studies the guarantee of foreigners' human rights in Japan.

並列關鍵字

Human Rights ； Right to Vote ； the Constitution ； Japan

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