因應十二年國教教師人力需求分析國中教師的工作負荷

The Workload Analysis of Junior High School Teachers' Resonding to Manpower Demand Due to The Twelve-Year Compulsory Education

馮莉雅(Li-Yia Feng) ； 蘇雅慧(Ya-Hui Su)

《國民教育學報》 11期 (2014/12) Pp. 177-197

摘要

教師依據專長授課，才能確保教學品質。但因為各學習領域教師的基本授課數不一致，人力充足情形也不一，會影響教師的工作壓力和教學工負擔。本研究以問卷調查分析72校1284位教師，了解國中教師人力結構、教學工作負荷和工作壓力，及國中教師的教學工作負荷和工作壓力是否有學習領域和職務之差異性。研究發現如下：(1)升學考試科目影響國中教師人力結構(2)師資人力的充裕情形影響國中教師人力結構，(3)導師人數或行政人數比例較高，則該學習領域教師的導師工作壓力或行政工作壓力會較高，(4)健康和體育、綜合、人文與藝術的教師人數是其他學習領域的一半，與領域節數不成比例，(5)國文、英文、數學是十二年國民基本教育教師人力過多的學習領域，健康和體育、綜合、人文與藝術仍是教師人力不足的學習領域。(6)國文、英文教師有超額的問題，擔任導師和兼任行政工作可以調解人力過多的問題，但國文教師和英文教師卻有較高的教師工作壓力。(7)任教班級數是調整教師教學工作負荷量的機制。

關鍵字

人力需求 ； 人力結構 ； 教學工作壓力 ； 工作負荷量

並列摘要

Teachers teach the subjects according to their expertise in order to ensure teaching quality. However, the mimum teaching hours are different among each learning areas. The manpower is different, too. These cause teachers' pressure and burnden on teaching. This study analyzed 1,284 teachers from 72 junior high schools in order to understand the manpower structure, workload, and pressure of junior high school teachers. The study was expected to investigate if there is any significant difference of the workload and pressure among different learning areas and job titles. The findings of the study are as follows. 1. The subjects of the entrance exam influence the manpower structure of junior high school teachers. 2. The suficiency of teacher manpower influence the manpower structure ofjunior high school teachers. 3. The ratio of homeroom teachers or teachers with adiminstration jobs are high. Therefore, they have higher job pressure. 4. The number of teachers in Health and PE, Integrated Activities, and Arts and Humanities Learning Areas is only half of the teachers in other learning areas. The teaching hours are not equal. 5. The manpower of Mandarin, English, and Mathematics Learning Areas is with an over abundance. However, the manpower of Health and PE, Integrated Activities, and Arts and Humanities Learning Areas is insufficient. 6. Teachers with Mandarin and English expertise face a problem of transferring to other schools since there are too many teachers and not enough students to teach. Arrange those teachers to be homroom teachers or teachers with administration job may solve the prolem or over-abundent manpower. However, teachers with Mandarin and English expertise have higher level of pressure. 7. The mechanism of the numbers of teaching classes is one solution to adjust teachers' workload.

並列關鍵字

Manpower demand ； manpower structure ； teaching pressure ； workload