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從比較利益法則觀點論我國公立運動設施之經營:以台北市立國民中學學校游泳池為例

A Study on the Management of Public Sports Facilities from the Viewpoint of the Principle of Comparative Advantage: Swimming Facilities in Taipei Municipal Junior High School

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摘要


我國加入世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization; WTO)後,運動產業內也必須有效整合資源,才能夠面對國際社會強勁的競爭。本研究介紹國際貿易理論中著名的比較利益法則(the principle of comparative advantage),並認為在國內公立運動設施的經營中,若能結合公立運動設施管理單位土地資源的比較利益、大專院校體育科系人力資源的比較利益,與民間機構資本資源的比較利益,便能創造出最大的社會利益。本研究更據此架構出「公立運動設施管理單位主導」、「大專院校主導」、「民間營利機構主導」、「營利性中介機構主導」與「非營利性中介機構主導」五種公立運動設施經營模式,並建立評估經營模式的評估準則。研究中更進一步藉由分析階層程序法(Analytic Hierarchy Process; AHP)所架構而成之問卷,配合德爾菲技巧(Delphi technique),以臺北市立國民中學學校游泳池為評估對象,請專家團成員就五種經營模式依據評估準則加以評估。研究結果顯示:最適經營模式下的準則,以『設施有效使用』最為重要,其次為『學生學以致用』,再其次才是吸引『民間營利機構投入資源』,最後為『校務基金挹注』。評估結果,則以「民間營利機構主導模式」與「營利性中介機構主導模式」整體表現最好。而在數所學校游泳池聯合經營的前提下,混和不同的經營模式則是必要且有效的。根據比較利益法則的分析,在「一所學校全力達成一種價值的前提下」,應以「營利性中介機構主導模式」達成「民間營利機構投入」與「設施有效使用」的價值,以「民間營利機構主導模式」達成「學生學以致用」的價值,再以「大專院校主導模式」達成「校務基金挹注」的價值。

並列摘要


After entering WTO (World Trade Organization), the sports industry has to integrate efficiently the resource to face the international competitions. The study introduced the famous principle of comparative advantage in international trade theory and thought that if we could combine the comparative advantage of the land resources of public sport faculties, of the human resources of physical education department in university and college, and of the capital resources of private organization, we could create the greatest social benefit. The study, moreover, constructed five patterns of public sport faculties management: leading by the administrative department of public sport facilities, leading by the college and university, leading by the private profit organizations, leading by the profit intermediary organizations, and leading by the nonprofit intermediary organizations according to the above theory, and also the evaluation standard to evaluate the management pattern. In the study, the researcher further took the swimming faculties of Taipei municipal junior high school as evaluating subject by using the questionnaires designed according to analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and cooperated with Delphi technique to ask the experts to evaluate according to the five management patterns. The study result showed that under the standard of the most appropriate pattern, to use the equipment efficiently was the most important thing, following by that students could learn for the propose of application, the next was to attract the private profit organizations to invest their resources, and at last was to balance the school funds. The evaluation told us that the pattern of leading by the private profit organizations and the pattern of leading by the profit intermediary organizations could reach the best performance as a whole. Under the prerequisite of the coordinated management of the school swimming faculties of several schools, it was necessary and efficient to combine different management patterns. According to the analysis of the principle of comparative advantage, under the presupposition that a school did its best to achieve a value, we should use the pattern of leading by the private profit organizations to achieve the investment of private profit organizations and efficient usage of the equipment, use the pattern of leading by the profit intermediary organizations to achieve the learning for the propose of application of students, and then use the pattern of leading by the college and university to achieve balancing the school funds.

參考文獻


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