福山實驗集水區颱風干擾植相對逕流型態的影響

台灣自然環境的特色是森林多、年雨量也多；森林覆蓋的面積佔全省土地總面積的一半以上，而年雨量雖多，但台灣每年平均每人的可用水量相對於全球人平均來說卻相對的少，因此，相關森林及水資源的研究一直是相當重要的議題。前人研究指出，森林與水資源間並無簡單的統計關聯性，而改變植生覆蓋率或組成將會影響集水區的出水量。集水區出水量受林木變更影響的程度，隨雨量、優勢樹種、砍伐面積等因素的不同而有所不同。本研究主要為探討植相改變對於逕流型態的影響，採用福山試驗林地2004及2006年的颱風季降雨資料及其對植相破壞的程度，分析自然因素改變植相對於逕流的影響。研究結果可應用在集水區林地土地利用規劃，以及水土保持措施的效益評估，並利用林地變遷及逕流的改變來判別災害敏感地，作為防災依據及災前防範措施。

關鍵字

植生覆蓋；葉面積指數；水文歷線；颱風災害；水土保持

並列摘要

The natural environment of Taiwan is characterized by dense forest and abundant precipitation; forest covers more than half of the total area in Taiwan. Although the annual rainfall amount is high, water supply per capita is much less than the world average. Therefore, research on forest and water resources ia always a significant issue in Taiwan. Many studies also suggest that a complicated statistical relationship exists between forest and water resources. Changes in tree cover or pattern will affect runoff from forest watershed. Discharge will differ according to precipitation, tree species and even planting areas. This study aims at assessing the influence of tree pattern on runoff using typhoon season rainfall records in 2004 and 2006 at Fushan experiment watershed. Results may be applicable in watershed management as well as assessment of soil and water conservation benefits. It can be used in disaster sensitivity analysis and also as a basis for selecting appropriate disaster prevention measures.

並列關鍵字

Vegetative cover ； leaf area index ； hydrograph ； typhoon damage ； soil and water conservation

參考文獻

Chen, J. M.(1996).Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.80(2-4),135-163.

Google Scholar

White, M.A.,G.P. Asner,R.R. Nemani,J.L. Privette,S.W. Running(2000).Measuring Fractional cover and leaf area index in arid ecosystems: digital camera, radiation transmittance, and laser altimetry methods.Remote Sensing of Environment.74(1),45-57.