腦源性神經營養因數的研究進展

本文旨在闡述腦源性神經營養因數的研究進展及其與運動的關連性。BDNF是從豬腦中分離出來的神經生長因素(Neuro Growth Factors, NGF)之一，在氨基酸水平上具有50%-60%的同源性。神經元內BDNF主要定位於細胞體和軸突。免疫學發現中樞神經系統及周圍神經系統的多種神經元及神經膠質細胞都有BDNFmRNA和蛋白質的出現，研究證實，BDNF在中樞神經系統發育過程中能夠促進神經細胞生長、發育、存活、分化和功能表達，同時也能維持成熟中樞神經系統神經元的正常功能。對學習記憶、保護神經元、抑制細胞凋亡、調節神經元內基因表達，以及抵抗長期大運動量訓練導致的神經元損傷，具有程度上的效果。雖然運動與神經營養因數的關係研究尚未引起史多人的注視，但隨著對BDNF基因表達及調控機制研究的深入，及生理功能的進一步闡明，必將對神經系統發育的研究和神經系統疾病的治療以及運動技能形成機制的揭示帶來新的希望和廣闊的前景。

關鍵字

腦源性神經營養因數

並列摘要

The purpose of this review was to elaborate the research tendency on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and evaluated the relationship with exercise. BDNF was extract from pig brain. It was one of the neuron growth factors (NOF) and possesses same amino acid up to 50%-60%. The BDNF was located on cell body and axons in a single neuron. The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) had possession of BDNFmRNA and proteins in many kinds of neuron and neuroglia cell. Study verified the BDNF could promote nervous growth, development, survival, disunite and function express during growth process in CNS. Simultaneously, it could keep the regular function of CNS in the mature neuron also. BDNF bring into effects for memory, protect neuron, restrain cells death, regulate gene performance of neuron and resist the neuron damage result from strenuous exercise. Although, the relationship between exercise and BDNF doesn't cause more attentively, but follow the deep study of BDNF gene performance and regulate mechanism as well as clarify the further physiological function. It would bring new hope and extensive prospects for the study of nervous system growth, disease therapy and motor skill mechanisms.