高齡者功能性體適能及其運動習慣之現況調查與分析－以高雄市旗山區和美濃區為例

An Empirical Study of the Functional Fitness and Exercise Habit of the Elderly-A Case Study of the Qishan District and Meinong District in Kaohsiung City

蕭秋祺(Chiou-Chi Hsiau) ； 施光隆(Kuang-Long Shih)

《嘉大體育健康休閒期刊》 18卷1期 (2019/06) Pp. 14-29

https://doi.org/10.6169/NCYUJPEHR.201906_18(1).02

摘要

本研究旨在透過實際檢測和問卷調查方式分析高齡者功能性體適能與運動習慣之概況，並進一步探討不同背景高齡者在功能性體適能與運動習慣上之差異情形。研究對象為300位高雄市旗山區和美濃區年滿65歲以上高齡者，所得資料經次數分配、平均數、交叉表分析和複選題分析等統計方法處理後，得到結果包括：（一）高齡者身體質量指數和腰臀圍比逾半數不理想，其他體適能測驗項目則理想比例均高於不理想比例。（二）七成以上高齡者有運動習慣，平均每週運動1～2次比例最高，平均每次運動時間以20分鐘內和21～40分鐘的比例較高；運動型態以健走居多，其次是徒手操。（三）女性在身體質量指數、腰臀圍比和柔軟度等表現明顯優於男性，而男性在肌力和心肺耐力的表現優於女性；部分體適能項目出現年齡越大或教育程度越低達理想標準的比例越低。（四）男性、86歲以上和國中程度以下沒有運動習慣的比例較高，而有運動習慣者普遍以平均每週運動1～2次比例居多；不同性別和年齡高齡者人在平均每次運動時間上並無顯著差異，而教育程度越高者其運動時間越長。綜合研究結果發現，高齡者體適能普遍達理想水準且多數有運動習慣，又不同背景高齡者在體適能和運動習慣上有顯著差異。

關鍵字

老人 ； 體適能 ； 規律運動

並列摘要

This research aims to analyze the profiles of functional fitness and exercise habit of the elderly through actual test and questionnaire, with further exploration of the difference of the elderly with different background in functional fitness and exercise habit. Research objects are 300 old people from Qishan District and Meinong District, with their ages being over 65 year old. After all the obtained data are processed through statistical methods such as frequency distribution, average number, crosstabs and multiple responses, it can be concluded that: (1) Over half of the elderly's body mass index and waist to hip ratio (WHR) is not ideal, while the ideal ratio of other fitness test items is higher than the non-ideal ratio. (2) Over 70 percent of the elderly has exercise habit. The ratio of 1 to 2 times of exercise per week is the highest on average; the average exercise time which is within 20 minutes and 21 to 40 minutes has a much higher proportion; in terms of the sports type, fitness walking has the highest proportion and the free-standing exercises ranks the second. (3) Females have a better performance than the males in body mass index, WHR and flexibility, while the male have better muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance; the ideal ratio of partial fitness items decreases with the increase of the age and the decrease of the education level. (4) The proportion of those over-86-year-old male with the education background of junior high school is high in terms of no exercise habit and those have exercise habit take exercise on average 1 to 2 times every week; elderly of different genders and ages do not have significant difference in average exercise time each time. The higher the education level is, the longer the exercise time. The comprehensive research found that the physical fitness of the elderly is generally up to the ideal level and most of them have exercise habits, and there are significant differences in physical fitness and exercise habits among different background elderly.

並列關鍵字

Older Adults ； Fitness ； Regular Exercise

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