愛爾蘭面對英國強鄰的生存與發展之道

How Ireland Is Independent from the Occupation of the United Kingdom

郭秋慶(Chiu-Ching Kuo)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 4卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 49-70

摘要

愛爾蘭整個島於12世紀末遭英國入侵，然而源自古代塞爾特社會與中世紀初的文化統一，超過7個世紀抗拒英國在語言、文化，乃至政治結構上的征服，即使1800年愛爾蘭與英國簽署『併入法』，然而愛爾蘭的獨立訴求，是英國的政治課題。
由於英國採取內部殖民，愛爾蘭人乃爭取自主，在對英國的態度分成多數的溫和與少數的強硬民族主義派，由於後者調整政治作爲，以及回應基層民眾的經濟需求，得以將整個愛爾蘭島（除北愛之外）成立愛爾蘭共和國，進而進入國際社會。
本文探討愛爾蘭面對英國追求獨立建國，從愛爾蘭併入英國之後追求建國爲開端，除了提出英國解決愛爾蘭問題的方案，並且指出愛爾蘭共和國成立後參與國際社會的作爲。

關鍵字

愛爾蘭 ； 北愛 ； 新芬黨 ； 愛爾蘭共和軍 ； 英愛條約 ； 瓦雷拉總理

並列摘要

The paper attempts to analyze the independent process of Republic of Ireland. Ireland was occupied by Britain hundreds years ago. A distinct Irish nationalism began to evolve at the end of the 18th century. The war of independence was a guerrilla war mounted against the British government from January 1919 to July 1921. Then, Irish independence was declared and is called Irish Free State. On the 29th of December in 1937, a new constitution came into force to replace the constitution of the Irish Free State and to establish the office of President of Ireland. Until 1948, the ”Republic of Ireland” was officially declared.
The Republic of Ireland joined the United Nations in 1955. In 1958, the Government of Ireland advocated free trade, foreign investment, and growth as the prime objective of economic management. After that, the Irish government joined the European Community (now the European Union) in 1973. Since then, the Republic of Ireland has begun to receive its sovereign status in the international community.

並列關鍵字

Ireland ； Northern Ireland ； Sinn Fein ； Irish Republic Army ； Anglo-Irish Treaty ； Éamon de Valera

參考文獻

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