當代以色列憲政體制

作為猶太復國主義的運動成果，以色列的建國，除了為全世界猶太人帶來莫大喜悅外，也為巴勒斯坦持續至今的動盪埋下了不安的因子。雖不具一部成文憲法作為國家施政之最高法律依據，該國民意機關卻充分展現國會主權的功能，為民主憲政之實施，訂立了所需的法律基礎。三權分立的國家組織設計，充分體現了孟德斯鳩權力分立的近代啟蒙思想；國會選舉與多黨政治生態，亦反映出該國作為現代民主國家的多元豐富性。深刻的社會分裂以及與巴勒斯坦持續的緊張關係，雖讓以色列人民生活在戒慎恐懼之中，卻是其重回上帝許諾之地時，所必須面對與承擔的建國代價。本文嘗試介紹以色列的憲政發展，希冀藉由該國建國史之闡述、國家組織機關的運作模式介紹、以及選舉和政黨體制之民主生活描繪，勾勒該國憲政運作的概略樣態。

關鍵字

以色列；巴勒斯坦；憲政體制；猶太復國主義

並列摘要

As a result of Zionist movements, the establishment of the state of Israel not only brought great joy to Jewish people all over the world, but also caused an enormous amount of unrest that still persists today. Although Israel lacks a written constitution as the basis of highest legal order, its legislative system can nevertheless demonstrate parliamentary sovereignty by establishing a legal system to meet the demands of democracy in Israel. The separation of state powers is a reflection a political approach inspired by the Montesquieu Enlightenment, whereas parliamentary elections and the multi-party system on the other hand, demonstrate the realization of a modern democratic state. Due to deep social divisions and tensions with Palestinians, Israelis inescapably live in a constant state of fear, which is representative of the unavoidable price that must be paid for being allowed to return to their religious promised-land. This article provides an introduction to the contemporary development of Israel's constitutional establishment. To provide a comprehensive understanding of constitutional practices in Israel we examine the history of Israel’s foundation as a state, the operational mechanisms of state organizations, and democratic attributes such as parliamentary elections and the electoral party system itself.

並列關鍵字

Israel ； Palestine ； constitutional system ； Zionism

參考文獻

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