墨西哥的新自由主義政策—加入北美自由貿易協定之觀察

Mexican Neo-liberal Policies: Observations on the NAFTA Implementation

石雅如(Ya-Ju Shin)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 8卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 77-98

https://doi.org/10.29800/TLSQ.201209.0004

摘要

本文略述墨西哥經濟發展轉變過程，從進口替代時期的保護干預政策到全面開放的新自由主義經濟政策，就吸引外資、擴大貿易、增加就業等等墨西哥政府最初加入「北美自由貿易協定」（NAFTA）的預期目標進行檢視，分析外國投資的主要配置、進出口貿易的擴大與國內生產的聯結程度、就業市場的變化和NAFTA對農業的衝擊。結論是外國投資趨向風險較高的間接投資，真正能刺激經濟發展的直接投資比重不高，進出口產量持續上揚，但長期觀察進口總額大於出口，貿易收支呈現逆差，至於就業機會的增加侷限於加工製造業，而自由貿易帶來的低價農產傾銷，導致農業部門震盪，引發大量農民失業NAFTA所創造的就業機會根本無法彌補失血。和未簽署NAFTA之前一樣，美國的影響力依舊，美國是墨西哥外國投資最大來源國家，最大貿易對象，墨西哥移民最大「輸出」國。墨西哥交付市場機制的自由貿易政策因為基礎競爭條件不足，加上政策執行出現分配不公的結構性問題，過於急躁開放讓國內生產平台處於劣勢，讓經濟成長出現瑕疵。

關鍵字

「北美自由貿易協定」 ； 墨西哥 ； 美國

並列摘要

From import substitution, protection intervention policy to the liberalization of neo-liberal economic policies, this article outlines the Mexican economic development process, to view the targets of the Mexican government about the issues on attracting foreign investment, trade expanding, and employment increasing, when it joined the North American Free Trade Agreement. The observation shows the conclusion is that the foreign investment tends to higher risk of indirect investment, the import and export output continued to rise, but long-term observations of total imports than exports, the increase in employment opportunities is limited to processing and manufacturing. The free trade has brought low-cost agro-dumping, resulting in the shock of the agricultural sector, causing a large number of farmers unemployed. Because of the lack of basic conditions of competitions, Mexico too impatient opens the domestic production platform at a disadvantage situation, cause the economic growth defects.

並列關鍵字

NAFTA ； Mexico ； USA

參考文獻

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