自然風對高雄過港隧道火場搶救策略之影響

高雄過港隧道為連接高雄市與旗津地區的主要道路，是旗津居民及高雄港貨櫃中心唯一聯外交通命脈。如發生嚴重火災事故將會造成隧道營運中斷，影響甚鉅。過港隧道兩端入口為U型坡度。由於鄰近海港，經查閱當地氣象資料，冬、夏兩季的自然風風向明顯相反。本研究係以該隧道為研究對象，分析火災事故發生時受自然風的影響。研究方法為使用國際間著名火災模擬軟體FDS模擬三種不同受自然風影響下的隧道火災情境，作為搶救策略擬定的參考。根據模擬結果顯示，發現U型過港隧道在各種火災情境下「煙囪效應」現象十分明顯。例如，火場濃煙與熱氣的擴散受自然風影響非常顯著。本研究結果為過去相關研究未呈現，顯示救災策略的擬定必須將自然風的影響納入考量。

關鍵字

高雄過港隧道；隧道火災；搶救策略；自然風； FDS

並列摘要

Kaohsiung Cross-Harbor Tunnel connecting Kaohsiung City and Cijin District is designed to serve the needs of both container traffic of Kaohsiung Port and Cijin District residents. A serious fire accident in the tunnel will cause disruption to the operation of the tunnel and the impact will be enormous. Both ends of the tunnel have a U-shaped slope. Due to the proximity to the seaport, the wind direction of natural winds in the winter and summer seasons is obviously reversed by consulting local weather data. This study analyzed the impact of natural winds on the occurrence of fire accidents by using the internationally renowned fire simulation software - FDS. By simulating three tunnel fire scenarios under the influence of natural wind, the results show that the phenomenon of stack effect is obvious in this U-shaped tunnel. For example, the spread of smoke and hot gas in the fire are greatly affected by natural winds. The results of this study were not discussed in the past. The formulation of fire rescue strategy in the tunnel have to ake into consideration the effects of natural winds.