日本學校體育的發展：明治時代到昭和初期

The development process of Japanese school physical education: From Meiji to Showa Era

万田裕一(Yuichi Manda)

《運動知識學報》 12期 (2015/07) Pp. 222-233

摘要

目的：本研究旨在探討在明治時代到昭和初期中軍事教育滲透學校體育的過程與其特徵。方法：本研究採文獻分析法，主要以相關原始資料為依據，進行分析。而本研究針對三個重要的轉折點進行分析。第一時期是，學校體育由普通體操轉向瑞典體操。第二時期是,瑞典體操和兵式體操的統一。第三時期是,現役將校的學校配屬。結論：學校體育的發展具有軍事化及科學的教授方法的兩大特點。在體育的軍事化過程中不只陸軍省，文部省也扮演積極的角色及對體育賦予科學性。至於陸軍省，在該過程之中付予體育的實戰性。它逐漸理解文部省主張教育需要科學性的意見，和文部省進行協調。

關鍵字

日本學校體育 ； 瑞典體操 ； 兵式體操 ； 陸軍現役將學校校配屬令

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the process and characteristics of influence of Military Education on Japanese school physical education. Methods: The study utilizes primary sources. it focuses on two important turning points the first period: change of school physical educations principal from Normal Gymnastics to Swedish Gymnastics. the second period: unification of Swedish Gymnastics and Military Gymnastics. The third period: attachment of the Military Officers in active service to schools. Conclusion: The development process of physical education has two characteristic of militarism and scientific didactics. In the process of militarism, the Ministry of Education as well as Department of the Army plays the important role. the Ministry of Education adapts scientific education method into physical education. Department of the Army introduces gymnastics more closer to actual battle into its education. Department of the Army understand gradually scientific education method, cooperates with the Ministry of Education in the the development process of physical education.

並列關鍵字

Japanese school physical education ； Swedish Gymnastics ； Military Gymnastics ； Attachment of the Military Officers to Schools