海洋法上共同開發法律制度的形成和國家實踐

The Formation of the Joint Development Legal System and Its Implementation in the Law of the Sea

廖文章(Wen-Chang Liao)

《人文暨社會科學期刊》 3卷2期 (2007/12) Pp. 67-80

https://doi.org/10.7118/JHSS.200712.0067

摘要

在陸地領土被分割完成之後，人類接著要向海洋發展，開發和利用海洋資源。未來時代是海洋時代，二十一世紀是海洋世紀。1982年《海洋法公約》於1994年11月16日正式生效，它是一部海洋資源法典，被稱為「海洋憲章」。《公約》中確定了二百浬專屬經濟區和大陸架法律制度，把沿海國的海洋資源及管轄權擴大到至少離岸二百浬，許多有潛在資源的大陸架或專屬經濟區的海床底土成為相鄰或相向沿海國同時提出權利主張的重疊區域。這種情況對海洋劃界和資源開發帶來了不少問題，也吸引國際社會的關注和理論上的研究。現實上，各國都在加速向海洋發展，共同開發跨界或主張重疊海域資源的國家實踐也不斷增加。本文探討共同開發制度所涉及的一系列法律問題，並介紹一些國家的實踐，期能為共同開發制度提供理論上的支持和實際的借鑒。

關鍵字

大陸架 ； 主權權利 ； 共同開發

並列摘要

After an exhaustive distribution of land territories, mankind has moved toward the ocean in exploitation and utilization of its resources. The future is a maritime age; the 21st century is a sea century. The 1982 ”UN Convention on the Law of the Sea” officially entered into force on November 16, 1994. This significant legal guideline for ocean resources is termed ”The Sea Charter.” Establishing an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles and continental-shelf legal systems, the ”Convention” extends the limit of the oceans' resources and the jurisdiction of the coastal states to at least 200 miles. The seabed and subsoil of many continental shelves or exclusive economic zones potentially possessing resources have become overlapping areas of the states with adjacent or opposite coasts. These conditions induce many problems in maritime delimitation and exploitation of resources and attract international concerns as well as theoretical research. In fact, as every state moves toward the ocean, an increasing number of countries are interested in the exploitation of the overlapping areas; moreover, the number of Joint Development projects across boundaries is also rapidly increasing. This article examines the relevant legal problems in the Joint Development system and introduces some national practices with the view of offering theoretical support and guidelines for pragmatic implications.

並列關鍵字

continental shelf ； sovereign rights ； joint development

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