健康、實學與教化－日治時期臺灣公學校登山活動的論述分析

Health, Solid Learning and Civilizing: An Analysis of the Discourse on Taiwan's Common School Mountaineering Activities during the Period of Japanese Rule

林玫君(Mei-Chun Lin)

《人文社會學報》 5期 (2006/12) Pp. 69-91

摘要

本文採歷史研究法方式，分析和考察日治時期臺灣社會領導階層從事登山活動的發展，並以「公學校」做爲主要討論的對象，以反映殖民者與被殖民者權力展現之相互關係。
本文從四個面向來討論登山活動在公學校的多元發展情形，研究結果發現：公學校登山活動趨於保守，是低危險性的健行活動，並常與不同活動合併行之。其次，公學校實施登山活動是有多重的目的和意義：（一）、是「實學」意圖十分強烈，是提供新知識的場所；（二）、是將公學校登山活動置於殖民政府一系列改造身體的運動中，登山活動成爲殖民政府與臺籍知識份子試圖直接改造身體的對象；（三）、登山活動是文明經驗的一種，殖民當局透過登山活動來形塑以日本統治爲臺灣帶來近代文明的意識型態；最後，公學校登山活動強化臺籍學生的身體和心理素質，建立新的價值判斷、道德標準，以及對自然美的審美觀念。不過，這種潛伏的「規馴」力量，未明顯指出弊害之處，故而在登山好處不斷地被強調的同時，伴隨著臺籍人士的登高一呼，反而響應日漸盛行的登山風氣，也接受了日本國家意識形態。

關鍵字

日治時期 ； 公學校 ； 登山活動

並列摘要

By adopting the historical method of research, this article analyzes and investigates the development of mountaineering activities in which Taiwan's social elite were engaged during the period of Japanese rule, using the ”kogakko” (common school) as the main object of discussion in order to reflect the correlation of power displayed between the colonizer and the colonized.
This article discusses from four aspects the diverse development of mountaineering activities of common schools. The research has resulted in the findings: the mountaineering activities of common schools tended to be conservative and were often held in conjunction with various activities. Secondly, the common schools held mountaineering activities for multiple purposes and significances: 1) the intent of promoting ”solid learning” was very strong; 2) the mountaineering activities of common schools were placed in the context of a series of reform campaigns for strengthening physical health launched by the colonial government; 3) mountaineering activities were a sort of civilized experience. Finally, the mountaineering activities of common schools strengthened the physical and mental qualities of Taiwanese students and established new values of judgment, moral criteria, and aesthetic concepts of natural beauty.

並列關鍵字

period of Japanese rule ； common school ； mountaineering activities