男性氣質與台灣後殖民小說中的慾望經濟學

Masculinity and the Economy of Desire in Some Postcolonial Fiction from Taiwan

謝世宗(Elliott S. T. Shie)

《臺灣文學研究學報》 9期 (2009/10) Pp. 37-67

https://doi.org/10.6458/JTLS.200910.0037

摘要

邱貴芬的〈性別／權力／殖民論述：鄉土文學中的去勢男人〉一文在後殖民的脈絡中，指向了女性主義的男性研究的可能性。本文延續此一脈絡，藉由西方男性研究，尤其是對男性氣質的討論，進一步深化邱貴芬的後殖民女性主義，也希望為男性研究與台灣文學批評的結合做出初步的貢獻。正文的第一部分將蕭規曹隨地闡釋邱貴芬所提及的殖民主義與性別論述的權力關係：殖民者往往將被殖民者女性化，並借此合理化自己對異己－異地與異性－的侵占。第二部分則以黃春明的〈莎喲娜拉‧再見〉為例，探討男性角色在殖民主義侵略與國族主義抗爭中的曖昧態度。最後則延伸第二部分所建構的理論框架，閱讀幾部台灣戰後的後殖民文本，包含王禎和的《美人圖》、黃春明的〈小寡婦〉、李永平的《海東青：台北的一則寓言》中〈一爐春火〉一章，以探討男性氣質在殖民情境所可能遭受的挫敗和創傷與後殖民抵禦中所流露的男性暴力與性別歧視。最後，本文認為如果被殖民者亦步亦趨地複製殖民者的暴力模式，則掌握權力的被殖民者同樣無法避免以暴治暴所帶來的人性挫傷，因此去殖民的過程與去除男性氣質中的暴力層面必須同時並進，不可偏廢。

關鍵字

後殖民 ； 男性氣質 ； 男性研究 ； 台灣小說 ； 慾望 ； 性別

並列摘要

Chiu Kuei-fen's essay ”Gender/Power/Postcolonial Discourse” highlights the significance of impotent male characters in postwar Taiwanese literature, opening the possibility of male studies in the field of postcolonial feminism. Following her argument, this essay combines the study of masculinity and postcolonial theory to explore the economy of desire in some postcolonial novels from Taiwan. The first section of the essay articulates the conspiracy of colonial discourse and gender hierarchy: the colonizer often effeminates the colonized, thereby justifying the subjection of the other sex and the other people to colonial domination. By reading Huang Chunming's ”Sayonara, Goodbye!”, this essay then focuses on the homosocial relationship of the colonizer and the colonized, that is, a sense of brotherhood in the face of women as desirable objects. The final section develops this concept and discusses how the colonized men suffer symbolic castration in Wang Zhenhe's Portraits of Beauties, how postcolonial struggles may unwisely duplicate the violent nature of colonial masculinity in Li Yongping's ”A Pot of Spring Fire” and how colonial men are tormented by their guilty consciousness for doing violence to the colonized and innocent in Huang Chunming's ”Little Willows” The conclusion argues that the process of decolonization would run the risk of duplicating the violence of colonialism if the culture of masculinity inherent in nationalist struggles is not taken into serious consideration.

並列關鍵字

postcolonialism ； masculinity ； male studies ； desire ； gender ； Taiwanese novels

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