勞動與性別─楊青矗與曾心儀的女性勞工書寫比較與對話

本文以共時性的性別視角，將七○年代兩位有意識書寫女性勞工文學的代表作家：楊青矗與曾心儀並置對話與比較。在一南（工廠）一北（百貨業）的不同產業結構下，兩人同樣揭發勞動環境惡劣、資方壓榨剝削等問題。然若自性別角度，得以挖掘出男女作家的不同關注面。其一，楊青矗側重大敘述的勞工問題書寫，曾心儀則是細膩描摹女性勞工面對惡質職場的內在心理感受。其二，楊青矗筆下的勞動女性以尋找優質條件的伴侶為進入職場的目的，反映父權社會規範女性必須走入婚姻的社會框架，以及女性希望透過婚姻的依附關係以達到階級流動的生存策略；曾心儀在小說中一再凸顯職場女性不靠男人的獨立女性意識：安排讓懦弱的男性缺席，女性勞動者自主選擇自食其力的情節。在此觀察基礎上，本文更進一步反思文學史書寫：楊青矗與曾心儀在文學史篇幅的不相當，甚至忽略曾心儀，使得讀者在閱讀文學史時只能接收單一性別訊息。據此指向本文將楊青矗與曾心儀的女性勞工文學並置對話的重要性，以獲得對七○年代女性勞工文學更全面的關照與觀察。

關鍵字

楊青矗；曾心儀；女性勞工；性別論述；勞工文學

並列摘要

From the perspective of synchronic gender, this paper juxtaposes and compares two representative writers who consciously contributed to the genre of female labor literature in the 1970s: Yang Qing-Chu & Zeng Xin-Yi. Writing from under the different industrial structures of Taiwan's north (department stores) and south (factories), these two writers simultaneously unveiled harsh working conditions, exploitation at the hands of management, and other severe issues; yet, from the perspective of gender, we may also observe the distinct concerns of male and female writers. First of all, while Yang Qing-Chu creates a weighty narrative focused on labor issues, Zeng Xin-Yi meticulously describes the inner psychological workings of female laborers in a hostile workplace. Second, the women laborers in Yang Qing-Chu's work seek to find a superior spouse to facilitate their careers, reflecting societal norms firmly rooted in patriarchy, and the survival strategy of class mobility through marriage affiliation. In her novels, Zeng Xin- Yi repeatedly highlights the independent awareness of female office workers with narratives that portray the absence of weak men and place self-reliant female employees at the forefront. Based on this survey, this article further reflects on the writing of literary history. Yang Qing-Chu and Zeng Xin-Yi are not accorded equal status in the history of literature; in fact, Zeng's work is often neglected, meaning that, from the standpoint of gender, readers are only exposed to a one-sided narrative.