東亞社會經濟的重構與轉型

隨著中國在1979年改革開放，以及在1990年代之後加速與全球接軌，全球的資源大量流向中國，驅動中國經濟高速發展。在此過程中，來自昔日東亞國家的外商直接投資金額高達總數的七成，並且，中、美之間貿易赤字的增幅，對應著美國和東亞各國貿易赤字的減縮。這說明了過去的東亞的發展，已逐漸和崛起的中國重構出一個新的社會經濟實體。而中國亮麗的經濟表現背後，東亞的行動扮演著重要角色。這項改變反映一個新生產體制的成形，過去的「東亞→美國」出口模式，已轉型成為「東亞－中國→美國」的新模式。從全球需求端的角度切入，一方面東亞國家西進中國並與美國需求端之間維繫關係與強化；另一方面，隨著中國成為「世界工廠」和「消費市場」的雙重市場化過程，過去以出口為導向的東亞經濟模式也逐步轉型成針對中國內需市場的生產模式。

關鍵字

東亞；中國；需求端；世界工廠；中國內需市場

並列摘要

China's reform since 1979 and its rapid connection with global trade in the 1990s, global resources have been flowing towards China and accelerated its economic development. Foreign investors from East Asian countries occupied about 70% of the total foreign investment in China. At the same time, the trade deficit between China and the US increased, while the trade deficit between the US and other East Asian countries decreased. These phenomena suggest that the East Asian countries of the past have collaborated with China to form a new social entity, East Asian businessmen have played a significant role behind the rise of China. This change reflects the coming of age of a new manufacture system: The ”East Asia to US” export mode has now transformed into a ”East Asia via China to US” export mode. From global demand approach, East Asian businesses moved to China in order to strengthen the connection between global demand and Taiwanese manufacturing. On the other hand, while China is becoming the ”global factory” and ”consumer market” at the same time, East Asian export-orient production mode has transformed that aim to China domestic demand market.