Diversity and Composition of Plant Functional Groups in Mountain Forests of the Lishan Nature Reserve, North China

中國曆山自然保護區森林群落植物功能群的組成與多樣性

張金屯(Jin-Tun Zhang) ； 張峰(Feng Zhang)

《Botanical Studies》 48卷3期 (2007/07) Pp. 339-348

摘要

用典範對應分析(CCA)研究了中國山西曆山自然保護區森林植被的組成與分佈。曆山自然保護區位于東經111º05'43”-111º56'29”，北緯35º29'07”-35º23'10”，是中條山系的一部分。從海拔1,400到2,100米，我們設立了58個10m×20m的樣方。群落的組成和環境資料用CCA按植物功能群比如喬木，灌木，幼樹和草本分別進行分析；同時進行各功能群的物種豐富性、多樣性和均勻性與環境因數間的關係分析。結果表明，森林群落所有功能群都與海拔和土壤Cu含量顯著相關，而對其他環境因數，各功能群有不同的關係。喬木層與土壤P含量相關，灌木和草本與土壤有機質和N含量相關，而幼樹與坡度和坡向相關。海拔是影響物種多樣性的最重要的因數，各功能群的豐富性、均勻性和多樣性沿著海拔梯度的變化符合同一模型，即最大的多樣性出現在中等海拔。喬木對維持群落的均勻性最重要，而灌木和草本對保持群落的豐富性最重要。

關鍵字

典範對應分析 ； 排序 ； 功能群，植被和環境關係 ； 物種多樣性 ； 土壤因數 ； 地形因數

並列摘要

Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to characterize the composition and distribution of forest vegetation within the Lishan National Nature Reserve (LNNR), Shanxi Province, China. The LNNR is located at E111º05'43”-111º56'29”, N35º29'07”-35º23'10”, and is part of the Zhongtiao mountain range. Forest vegetation was sampled from 58, 10 m×20 m plots along an elevation gradient from 1,400 to 2,100 m. Floristic and environmental data of different functional groups, such as trees, shrubs, saplings and herbs, were analyzed using CCA; and the changes of species richness, diversity and evenness of different functional groups were analyzed in relation to environmental variables. Overall, all the functional groups of forest vegetation showed a statistically significant correlation with elevation and soil Cu. Responses to other environmental gradients differed among the four groups of plants analyzed. Tree layer showed a correlation with soil P, shrubs and herbs showed a correlation with soil organic matter and N, while saplings showed a correlation with slope and aspect. Elevation was the most important variable in terms of variations in species diversity. Species richness, evenness, and diversity of different functional groups showed a similar responding model to changes in elevation, i.e. the maximum diversity occurring at intermediate elevations. Of the functional groups analyzed, trees were most important in maintaining species evenness within communities, while shrubs and herbs were significant in maintaining species richness within communities of the LNNR.

並列關鍵字

CCA ； Functional groups ； Ordination ； Soil variables ； Species diversity ； Topographic factors ； Vegetation-environment relationship