The Occurrence and Distribution of Pythium Species on Hainan Island of South China

中國海南島腐黴屬種的發生與分佈

何漢興(Hon-Hing Ho) ； 陳秀賢(Xiu-Xian Chen) ； 曾會才(Hui-Cai Zeng) ； 鄭服叢(Fu-Cong Zheng)

《Botanical Studies》 53卷4期 (2012/10) Pp. 525-534

摘要

在2003年至2009年間，我們採用誘餌富集和選擇性培養基分離技術，對從中國海南島各種不同生境中採集的土壤和水體樣品進行了腐黴屬種（Pythium）的分離和鑒定。共對2,348個腐黴屬分離菌株進行了鑒定，從中鑒定出29個腐黴種，分別是：棘腐黴（P. acanthicum）、刺器腐黴（P. acanthophoron）、瓜果腐黴（P. aphanidermatum）、芒孢腐黴（P. aristosporum）、強雄腐黴（P. arrhenomanes）、卡地腐黴（P. carolinianum）、鏈狀腐黴（P. catenulatum）、葫蘆腐黴（P. cucurbitacearum）、德里腐黴（P. deliense），寬雄腐黴（P. dissotocum），禾生腐黴（P. graminicola）、旋柄腐黴（P. helicoides）、齒孢腐黴（P. hydnosporum）、木蘭腐黴（P. indigoferae）、腫囊腐黴（P. inflatum）、間型腐黴（P. intermedium）、畸雄腐黴（P. irregulare）、袋囊腐黴（P. marsipium）、奇雄腐黴（P. middletonii）、簡囊腐黴（P. monospermum）、群結腐黴（P. myriotylum）、腫雄腐黴（P. oedochilum）、側雄腐黴（P. paroecandrum）、絢麗腐黴（P. pulchrum）、刺腐黴（P. spinosum）、華麗腐黴（P. splendens）、林栖草腐黴（P. sylvaticum）、終極腐黴（P. ultimum）和鐘器腐黴（P. vexans）。除了棘腐黴、瓜果腐黴、鏈狀腐黴、德里腐黴、寬雄腐黴、木蘭腐黴、袋囊腐黴、群結腐黴、華麗腐黴等9個種外，其餘20個種是海南新記錄種，葫蘆腐黴（P. cucurbitacearum）是中國首次報導。鐘器腐黴、瓜果腐黴、葫蘆腐黴、旋柄腐黴和奇雄腐黴等幾個腐黴種以往在陸地分離到，也偶你在淡水中分離到，此次是第一次在浸沒於海水中的落葉上分離到。這些腐黴菌株是否應該作為耐鹽菌株或是海洋種來處理，仍然有待進一步研究，但他們在海水生境腐爛的雜物上被重複分離到顯示出其在海水沉積物分解過程中的重要性。到目前為止，鐘器腐黴是分佈最廣、數量最多的腐黴種類，其次依次是德里腐黴、棘腐黴、瓜果腐黴、旋柄腐黴和華麗腐黴。在23個樣本採集地點中，分離到的腐黴種類最多的地點是文昌市、海口市、五指山市、樂東縣及其周邊地區。

關鍵字

假菌界 ； 生態學 ； 卵菌綱 ； 腐黴屬菌物

並列摘要

During the period 2003-2009 a comprehensive study of Pythium species in soil and water samples collected from various habitats on Hainan Island was conducted using conductedusing a combination of baiting and selective agar medium technique. A total of 2348 isolates were identified into 29 species: P. acanthicum, P. acanthophoron, P. aphanidermatum, P. aristosporum, P. arrhenomanes, P. carolinianum, P. catenulatum, P. cucurbitacearum, P. deliense, P. dissotocum, P. graminicola, P. helicoides, P. hydnosporum, P. indigoferae, P. inflatum, P. intermedium, P. irregulare, P. marsipium, P. middletonii, P. monospermum, P. myriotylum, P. oedochilum, P. paroecandrum, P. pulchrum, P. spinosum, P. splendens, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum and P. vexans. Except for P. acanthicum, P. aphanidermatum, P. catenulatum, P. deliense, P. dissotocum, P. indigoferae, P. marsipium, P. myriotylum and P. splendens, the remaining 20 species are new records for Hainan. Pythium cucurbitacearum is the first record in China. Several species of Pythium which are either terrestrial or occasionally found in fresh water were isolated for the first time from fallen leaves submerged in sea water in or near mangrove habitats: P. vexans, P. aphanidermatum, P. cucurbitacearum, P. helicoides and P. middletonii. It remains to be determined whether they should be treated as halotolerant strains or marine species of Pythium but their repeated isolation pointed out their significance in litter decomposition in the marine habitat. By far, P. vexans is the most widespread and abundant species followed by P. deliense, P. acanthicum, P. aphanidermatum, P. helicoides and P. splendens. Of the 23 sampling sites, the greatest diversity of Pythium species was found in the cities of Wenchang, Haikao, Wuzhishan, Ledong and their vicinity.

並列關鍵字

Chromista ； Ecology ； Oomycetes ； Pythiaceous Fungi