南非種族與奧運會參賽議之始末

A Story of Controversies over South African Races and the Rights to Participate in the Olympic Games

張芳玫(Hung-Mei Chang) ； 許光麃(Kuang-Piao Hsu)

《身體文化學報》 8期 (2009/06) Pp. 37-55

https://doi.org/10.6782/BCJ.200906.0037

摘要

多元文化爲近代文化思潮的主流，強調各文化有其獨特性及價值，而現代奧運會亦尊重各文化之平等，嚴禁歧視行爲。20世紀時，南非曾經長時期的實行種族隔離政策，此舉與奧林匹克精神相違背，導致國際社會反對南非參加各運動賽事，然而，南非政府卻以其經貿與外交關係爲後盾，持續國際運動交流活動以對抗國際壓力，而引發國際奧委會對其制裁行動。本研究以文獻分析法蒐集相關資料加以整理，分析、歸納來探討國際奧委會在南非問題上所進行長時間痛苦而反覆的辯論過程。從此一歷史事件中顯見，奧林匹克運動中純粹運動競技的理想，卻在政治的操弄下變成了一場「非武器的戰爭」。南非問題帶給奧林匹克最大的衝擊，是公平與正義、友誼與相互尊重、以及人權與和平的深化。期盼在歷經此一事件的洗禮後，國際奧委會能更強而有力的捍衛奧林匹克的精神，並在「無歧視」的原則下將和平、友誼、進步的信念深植人心，以建立一個祥和的世界。

關鍵字

南非 ； 種族隔離 ； 奧林匹克精神

並列摘要

As cultural diversity dominates the modern world culture, it holds that each culture may demonstrate its own uniqueness and value. The modern Olympic Games also respects that all cultures are equal in nature, forbidding any acts of discrimination. when the 20th century, South Africa has long-term policy of apartheid, which is against the Olympic spirit, leads to objection of South Africa from taking part in all kinds of sports events. Rumors even have that South Africa is about to face the hardest sanctions against itself-being disqualified from the Olympic Games membership. The South African government, however, took their economic strength and diplomatic relationship as their stronghold keeping participating in the international sports event exchanging, in against of international pressure. Finally it eats its own bitter fruit, that is, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to lance a series of sanctions against South Africa. This study is based on documents analysis to collect related data and records, and to organize, analyze, sum up to issue of the International Olympic Committee carried out on the long and painful process of debate over and over again. In this historic incident, the original ideal of pure competitive sports of Olympic Games was manipulated by politics, and became, in a sense, ”a war of non-weapons.” South Africa problems made a great impact to IOC on the aspects of equity, justice, friendship, mutual respect, human rights, and deepening of peace. After struck by this incident, it is hoped that the IOC can defend the Olympic spirit with more powerful determination. Hopefully, in accordance with the principle of nondiscrimination, people can deeply root with a peaceful, friendly, and progressive belief that eventually leads to build a more peaceful world.

並列關鍵字

South Africa ； Apartheid ； Olympic spirit

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