論陸軍部《體操教範》：內容、特色與時代意義

本研究目的以1911 年陸軍部出版《體操教範》一書為例，探討《體操教範》的目的與內容，並深究其時代意義。透過歷史研究的史料研讀與辨別，加以檢視、驗證與解釋。研究發現：《體操教範》以增進體力與氣力為宗旨，其內容分為柔軟體操、器械體操與應用體操等三部分，動作由淺入深，強調簡易化、正確化與統一化，目的在鍛鍊身心，養成適於軍事諸般所要求之體力氣力，尤其是機敏及持久之運動能力。其次，當時的課程內容仿照德國式體操，先以柔軟體操為基礎，後才操作器械體操，而應用體操乃是器械體操之進階過程。進一步而言，當時已具備良好的運動防護措施，藉由助手的防護，避免學員操作時發生危險。最後，《體操教範》一書，具有完善的運動過程概念（包含熱身運動、主運動、緩和運動），可以說，現今體育運動之概念或多或少受到當時體操之影響。

關鍵字

軍國民教育；兵式體操；軍事學堂

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to explore the content features and historical meaning of the ＂Gymnastics Manual＂ published in 1911 by the Ministry of Army. Based on the historical research method, the ＂Gymnastics Manual＂ as a piece of historical material was tested and verified and further explained. One of the findings shows that its purpose is to improve the physical force and spirit of the army men. Its content includes three parts of flexibility, apparatus, and application gymnastics. The physical motions emphasize simple, correct and unified rules for practicing the body strength and spiritual. Moreover, the practicing curriculum at the time was in accordance with German gymnastics from the easy to the difficult and complicated, that is, from flexibility to apparatus and application gymnastics. Furthermore, the good quality of the assistant protection could avoid the risk during the practice. Finally, the complete exercise process of warm up, main event and cool down was also recorded in the book. It may be summed up that the concept of the modern physical education and sport is affected by gymnastics partly.