人體的角動量變化對三級跳遠成績影響之分析

目的：本研究目的在分析人體角動量變化對三級跳遠選手成績表現之影響。方法：以五部每秒60張畫面的攝影機，拍攝九十二年全國運動會三級跳遠決賽選手為受試者，以Dempster (1955)年所建立14個肢段、21個關節點人體模型，透過Kwon3D動作分析軟體實施二度空間影片分析。結果與結論：一、三個階段角動量以跨跳階段最小，無法提供較積極性腳著地動作。二、支撐階段角動量變化僅男子在騰跳階段與起跳水平速度達高度負相關(r=-0.693)，較大的角動量將造成起跳水平速度的損失。三、空中平均角動量只有女子在躍跳階段與實跳距離達顯著負相關(r=-0.743)。建議：在躍跳空中階段較小的角動量值，較能夠維持空中平衡，以免造成著地位置不佳所形成距離的損失。

關鍵字

三級跳遠；角動量；運動生物力學

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of angular momentum on the triple jumpers' performance. Method: This study used five cameras with a speed of 60 frames per second (Canon ZR-60) to record the jumpers performance in the 2003 Taiwan National Games. According the Dempster model (1955) to record 14-segments and 21-joint points on the jumper's performance through the Kwon3D analysis software to analyze the data. Result and Conclusion: First, among the three phases, step phase gets least angular momentum and don't provide the active leg landing movement. Second, as for the change of angular momentum in supporting phase, only male jumpers reach a higher negative level of horizontal speed in hop phase (r=-0.693). Larger angular momentum will cause the loss of horizontal speed. Third, for the average angular momentum in the air, only female jumpers reach a negative correlation on both jump phase and actual distance (r=-0.743). Suggest: The study suggests a smaller angular momentum in the air of the jumping phase can maintain the fight balance and avoid the distance loss because of the inappropriate landing location.