自主神經對短時間、高強度運動的影響：以柔道連攻法訓練為例

The Impact of Autonomic Neurons on Exercise of High-Intensity and Short Time-Span: A Case Study of Judo Uchikomi Training

陳福士(Fu-Shih Chen) ； 黃國恩(Kuo-En Huang)

《運動教練科學》 7期 (2006/12) Pp. 51-58

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2006.07.05

摘要

由於我們深刻地瞭解到，自主神經控管人類興奮與消退的能力；因此我們利用自主神經分析儀來評析選手在模擬過程中的時間變化，以探究柔道連攻法對選手自主神經的影響，及對柔道選手可能產生的作用。受試者是體育學院柔道隊員，年齡界在19-21歲的男子選手，都是有五年以上柔道經歷的上段者。我們在運動前完成相關數據及資料的前測工作，接著5分鐘的暖身運動後，緊接著維持4分鐘四對一的連攻法訓練，時間一到立即進行運動後的測試。以及分別測試靜態休息後30分鐘及1小時的時間點當成依據，以此作爲自主神經的資料收集與分析。運動前與運動後的交感神經活性與副交感神經活性、總功率量均有顯著的差異，運動前與運動後30分鐘、1小時則無顯著差異。我們發現，激烈運動後有很明顯的抑制總功率量與交感、副交感神經的活化，是一種短暫性的被抑制，1小時之後即恢復。好的選手在30分鐘後各機能指數恢復到80%，較差的選手遲遲未能恢復。此恢復速率與選手的成績表現可能有很大的相關。

關鍵字

柔道 ； 連攻法 ； 自主神經

並列摘要

Given that autonomic neurons control the waxing and waning of physical/mental excitation states, in order to better understand the impact of autonomic neurons on athletes' physical conditions, it is suitable to study the autonomic neuron activities by analyzing the Judo athletes' neuron activity fluctuations in a simulated match using autonomic neuron analyzers. Our test subjects are members from the Judo team of athletic college, with the ages ranging from 19 to 21 years old and over 5-year Judo training experiences. Relevant data and other information were first collected before the exercise. After 5 minutes of warm-up, 4 to 1 Uchikomi were performed for 4 minutes, followed by the after-exercise data collection. Neuron activity data were also collected after subjects had had post-exercise rest for 30 minutes and 1 hour. There is a significant difference of sympathetic and parasympathetic neuron activities between right before and after exercise. But no significant differences among those right before exercise, 30-minutes and 1 hour after exercise were found. It was observed that the drastic reduction of total activities, along with the activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, is temporary; and their activities can be restored to the regular level after 1 hour. A well-trained Judo athlete can restore the physical strength readings back to 80% in 30 minutes after exercise, whereas ill-trained ones could not restore it at all. The restoration rate could be closely associated with the sport performance.

並列關鍵字

Judo ； Uchikomi ； Autonomic Neurons

參考文獻

Cerasola, G.,Cottone, S.,D''Ignoto, G.,Grasso, L.,Contorno, A.,Carone, B.,Faulantelli, M. A.(1987).Role of epinephrine in the development of essential hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension.3,670-680.

Costa, O.,Freitas, j.,Puig, j.,Carvalho, M. J.,Freitas, A.,Ramos, J.,Puga, N.,Lomba, I.,Fernandes, P.,Defeitas, F.(1991).Spectrum analysis of the variability of heart rate in athletes.Rev Port cardio.10(1),23-28.

Jensen, U. K.,Saltin, B.,Ericson, M.,Storck, N.,Jensen, U. M.(1997).Pronounced resting bradycardia in male elite runners is associated with high heart rate variability.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.7(5),274-278.

Polanczyk, C. A.,Rohde, L. E.,Moraes, R. S.,Ferlin, E. L.,Leite, C.,Ribeiro, J. P.(1998).Sympathetic nervous system representation in time and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability.European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology.79(1),69-73.

Shin, K.,Minamitani, H.,Onishi, S.,Yamazaki,Lee, H. M.(1997).Autonomic difference between athletes and nonathletes: spectral analysis approach.Med sci sport Exerc.29(11),1482-1490.