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我國與世界優秀跳馬選手“前手翻直體前空翻轉體900°”之運動學比較研究

A Comparison Kinematics Study of Handspring Forward and Salto Forward Stretch with 2 1/2 Turn in Vault: By One Elite Taiwanese Male Vaulter and World Male Vaulters

摘要


本研究的目的是針對我國優秀跳馬選手實施前手翻直體前空翻轉體900°動作技術表現進行運動學分析,並與世界跳馬金牌選手之運動學資料進行比較,所得到的數據可作 爲教練及選手在訓練及比賽上的參考。實驗中以二部Redlake高速攝影機(125Hz)進行動作過程拍攝,並以Kwon3D動作分析軟體進行運動學變數的分析。分析比較後得到以下結果:本研究受試者(A1)實施前手翻直體前空翻轉體900°動作技術特徵爲,在踏跳階段:膝關節緩衝角度大,踏跳時間較長;在第一飛程階段:第一飛程時間長且撐馬後身體重心仍維持繼續上升過程;在推撐階段:背部弓身角度較多,肩關節支撐角度較少;在第二飛程階段:縱軸轉體時機慢,且轉體720°-900°階段沒有明顯減速現象,並且沒有多餘高度來準備落地。而世界冠軍選手(A2, A3)實施「前手翻直體前空翻轉體900°」的動作技術特徵爲:一、在踏跳階段:採一踏到底方式,也就是在踏跳過程膝關節角幾乎是沒有減小的過程。二、在第一飛程階段:第一飛程時間短且在撐馬時身體重心仍保持持續上升動作的過程。三、在推撐階段:較大離馬重心垂直速度。四、在第二飛程階段:推離馬後到開始縱軸轉體時間較短,空翻高度高。綜上結論本研究建議(A1)選手:一、在踏跳階段:增強大腿肌力,減少屈膝緩衝階段,盡可能採一踏到底方式進行踏跳;二、在第一飛程階段:減少第一飛程時間;三、在推稱階段:盡可能增大離馬肩角及離馬重心垂直速度;四、在第二飛程階段:減少推離馬後到開始縱軸轉體時間,並加強縱軸轉體角速度。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic data of one elite gymnast showed Handspring Forward and Salto Forward Stretch with 2 1/2 Turn, and compared with the world gold medal gymnast on vault. The result of this study can provide valuable information for coaches and gymnasts to improve performance in the future training. Two Redlake high-speed digital-camera (125Hz) were genlocked to collect the vulting kinematics data. The Kwon 3D software was used to analyze the kinematic variables. Comparing with the world class vaulters the elite Taiwanese vaulter performed the kinematics characteristics: In on board phase, the Taiwanese vaulter performed the greater knees angle and the longer contact time in the support phase. In pre-flight phase, the longer flight time. In on horse phase, the Taiwanese vaulter performed greater hip joint angle and less shoulder angle. A greater back arch and angels of shoulder much closer. In post-flight phase, a late vertical axis twist time and not obvious deacceleration at twist 720°-900° phase, no extra height to land. The suggestions of this study were to increase the strength of lower limbs and to reduce the knee angle in on board phase; to reduce the duration time in pre-flight phase, to increase the shoulder angles at horse touchdown, and vertical velocities of CG at horse takeoff in on horse phase, to emphasize early timing of vertical axis twist and to increase angular velocity in post-flight phase.

參考文獻


徐元玉、姚俠文、紀仲秋、黃玉試、陳雄(2004)。李小鵬、陸彬跳馬前手翻直體前空翻轉體900°的運動學分析。中國體育科技。73-77。
趙藍革、姚俠文、劉桂成、徐元玉、何花(1992)。王恬恬跳馬前手翻直體前空翻轉體540°的運動學分析。中國體育科技。40(4),78-80。
姚俠文(1992)。克勞爾跳馬前手翻團身前空翻轉體540°動作的運動學分析。北京體育學院學報。15(1),30-34。
姚俠文、翟建中、饒旺生(1994)。樓云和克勞爾跳馬前手翻屈體前空翻轉體180°動作運動學特徵的對比。北京體育大學學報。17(2),91-95。
袁志華(1995)。男子跳馬前手翻空翻類高難動作的上板及踏跳技術研究。成都體育學院學報。21(2),26-31。

被引用紀錄


翁士航(2009)。振動式訓練對大專公開男子競技體操選手跳馬項目運動表現之影響〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315151040

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