足球凌空射門與踢地板球射門之球速比較

The Compares of Ball Velocities in Soccer Volley Shot and Normal Shot

蔡尚明(Shang-Ming Tsai)

《運動教練科學》 11期 (2008/09) Pp. 23-30

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2008.11.03

摘要

本研究主要目的在比較足球選手踢地板球與正凌空球射門動作的差異性，探討有球速、足速度、足速度與球速比值等人體下肢段運動學參數，提供選手在訓練或競賽情境下選擇射門動作之參考依據。以現役國家足球青年代表隊運動員12名（平均年齡爲16.92±0.64歲、身高175.08±6.42公分、體重64.42±8.16公斤）爲受試對象，設計三種不同踢球點高度位置（地板球位置、1/2膝關節高度踢球點位置與膝關節高度踢球點位置），執行足球正凌空射門動作踢球。實驗儀器以兩部JVCDVL-9800攝影機(120Hz)同步擷取足球選手執行三種不同踢球點高度位置正凌空射門動作之人體下肢段運動學參數。在運動學參數比較方面，採用SPSS12.0統計軟體，以重複量數單因子變異數分析比較不同踢球點高度位置的人體運動學參數是否達到顯著差異，若有顯著差異(p＜.05)，則以LSD法考驗其事後比較。本實驗顯著水準訂爲α=.05。 本實驗結果發現：隨著正凌空射門動作的踢球點高度增加，碰撞後球速表現呈現漸減的趨勢。並且，以正凌空射門動作踢擊三種不同的踢球點高度位置之足球，踢地板球的觸球前之足部重心速度，明顯高於1/2膝關節高度踢球點位置與膝關節高度踢球點位置的觸球前之足部重心速度。經結果討論後得知，正凌空射門的球速表現遠比不上踢地板球射門的球速表現。所以在球場上欲求威力大的射門，宜以低位置的踢球點爲佳。

關鍵字

足球 ； 運動學 ； 足球射門

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to compare soccer players' normal shots and full-volley shot. Ball velocity, foot velocity, their ratios, and the other kinematics parameters of human low limbs had been compared. Those parameters administered to athletes in choosing soccer shot skills on competitions. Twelve junior amateur, male soccer players (age=16.92±0.64 yrs; height=175.08±6.42 cm; weight=64.42±8.16 kg) participated in this study. We designed three kinds of ball height (the floor kicking position, 1/2knee height kicking position, knee height kicking position), and asked for athletes kicking. Two high-speed video cameras (JVC DVL-9800) were used to sample the kicking motion at the same time (120 Hz), and the low limbs' performances on three kind of kicking positions were collected. The difference between the biomechanical parameters with full-volley shots and normal shot performed at three kinds of ball heights were analyzed by using LSD of repeat measure one-way ANOVA. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
The results as follows: With increased the heights of kicking position in full-volley shot, the ball velocities showed the trend of decrease after the impact of ball and kicking foot. And before the impact, the mass velocities of kicking foot in kicking the floor ball were higher than kicking the ball at 1/2knee height kicking position, and knee height kicking position. According to the results and discussions, the ball velocities in full-volley shot were less than normal shot. In order to get powerful shots, kicking in lower positions will be the best choices.

並列關鍵字

soccer ； kinematics ； soccer shot

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