國小男女生50公尺自由式生力學對成績之影響

The Effects of 50 M Freestyle Starts and Flip Turn on 12 Year Old Swimmers

陳福財(Fu-Tsai Chen) ； 何維華(Wei-Hua Ho) ； 高啟倫(Chi-Lun Kao) ； 黃以錫(Yi-His Huang)

《運動教練科學》 13期 (2009/03) Pp. 103-115

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2009.13.07

摘要

本研究是分析游泳運動出發與轉身，並探討對短距離自由式之影響，研究主要目的是分析時間、角度、距離等運動學參數，以及力量、衝量等動力學參數。研究運用游泳比賽的電動計時器、攝影機(30Hz)及AMTI水中測力板，擷取相關資料，並經由Silicon Coach動作分析軟體及AcqKnowledge信號分析軟體進行參數分析。本研究之對象，以國小六年級游泳班學生，男生11位、女生13位為對象。研究結果資料同時進行t-考驗、Pearson相關係數及多元迴歸統計分析。結果：影響50m自由式成績，以5公尺來回轉身時間即5mRTT(r=.924)最大，其次為出發至15公尺時間即出發～15m(r=.875)，兩者均達高顯著的正相關；出發入水距離、轉身蹬牆峰值等也有顯著的影響。游泳選手在轉身蹬牆衝量與身體素質、力量、速度與技術的熟練度有很大的關係。出發入水的遠近、出發前15m速度的快慢及轉身的快慢，對短距離自由式的成績影響很重要。最後，以多元迴歸來預測50m自由式成績，5mRTT有效預測能力最高，其次為出發～15m時間，更可以證明轉身的快慢與出發速度的快慢，對短距離自由式的影響。

關鍵字

游泳出發 ； 轉身 ； 50m自由式

並列摘要

During a swimming competition, there are many factors will effect the race result, such as the reaction time of hearing the start sound, the jumping distance of enter water, the swim speed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of reaction time and the technique of flip turn to the performance of short distance free style swim. The research observed a class of 12-years-old swimmers, including of 11 boys and 13 girls (age 12.13±0.22, height 152.71±6.75 cm, weight 42.04±7.46 kg). They had been trained almost 4 years, the training course was 2 hrs per day, five days per week. The subjects went through twice 50 meters cycle by freestyle with their best efforts. Then choose the better one cycle which determined by the shorter 5 mRTT time, and obtained the reaction time, distance of enter water, period of first 15 meters, 5 meters RTT time and the force and impulse of turn kick, all parameters above were obtained from digital camera (30 Hz) and AMTI force plate. Results showed that the 5 mRTT time (r=.924) and the period of the first 15 meters (r=.875) did a great influence on 50 meters freestyle swimming grade. The value of the distance of enter water, and the force and the impulse of turn kick also showed high correlation. The stature, strength, speed, and technique of each swimmer played important roles in turn-stroke impulse; this research also used progressively regression to predict the 50 meters freestyle swimming grade of the subject, and the results presented the 5 mRTT and the period of the first 15 meters were the most predictive parameters, which prove that the great effect of speed of flip turn and start off on short distance freestyle swimming.

並列關鍵字

swimming start ； turn ； 50m freestyle

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