以灰色關聯度分析法探討網球技術因子之關連—以生涯金滿貫選手Serena Williams為例

Grey Relational Analysis on Tennis Technique Factors -- A Study of Serena Williams of Career Golden Slam

簡瑞宇(Jui-Yu Chien)

《運動教練科學》 42期 (2016/06) Pp. 91-110

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2016.42.10

摘要

本文目的為探討Serena Williams 在2014 年四大賽的各技術因子在整體、發球局及接發球局影響比賽勝負之關聯程度。研究對象為Serena Williams 及其對戰選手，共計16場28 獲勝盤及9 個變項，資料採用LabView 程式語言軟體進行灰色關聯度分析，得到以下結果。在整體，各技術因子之關聯度最高依序（澳、法、溫、美網）分別為：非受迫性失誤、第二發贏球率與非受迫性失誤、破發成功率、第一發贏球率；在發球局，最高在澳網為非受迫性失誤，法網為第二發贏球率與非受迫性失誤，溫、美網為第一發贏球率；在接發球局，最高在澳、法網為非受迫性失誤，在溫網為破發成功率及美網為接發球點勝率；她對右、左手持拍選手在整體、發球局、接發球局之各技術因子的關聯度大致相同。依結果本文結論發現，影響Serena Williams 比賽勝負的最重要關鍵為發球，尤其在第一發球時的得分。在較慢速場地，勝負最重要因素是擊球的穩定性，而快速場地則是接發球的表現；降低失誤、破壞力的擊球及伺機上網壓迫在不同場地上皆有助於保發球局，理想的第二發球在紅土球場是贏得發球局的主因；面對第二發球時，壓迫性的接發球是破發球局的重點，最後，提升第二發球的質量及接發球的強度是選手突破成績的兩大重要指標。

關鍵字

發球 ； 接發球 ； 網球四大公開賽

並列摘要

The study aimed to investigate the effects of Serena Williams' technique factors and the relations among them in the whole game, service, and service return. Serena and her competitors were the participants of this study. The statistical data of 28 wins in 16 games and 9 variable factors was retrieved from the official website of Grand Slam. Programming Language, LabView, was adopted to conduct Grey Relational Analysis. The results were indicated as: The key technique factors of winning in Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon Championships, and US Open were respectively in the order mentioned: unforced errors, second-serve points won and unforced errors, break points won, and first serve points won. In service, the primary factors to victory were unforced errors in Australian Open, second-serve points won and unforced errors in French Open, and first-serve points won in both Wimbledon Championships and US Open. In service return, on the other hand, the winning factors were unforced errors in Australian Open and French Open, break points won in Wimbledon Championships, and receiving points won in US Open. Besides, it was found that the techniques Serena used to right-handed and left-handed servers were about the same in the whole game, service, and service return. The concluded were indicated as: In general, the main point of Serena's victory was service, especially the score in first-serve won. In a slow court, the consistency of hitting had a lot to do with the final result. On the contrary, in a fast court, the performance of service return mattered. In addition, reducing faults, destructive contact, and seizing the chance to take the net help a lot in keeping service. In red clay court, a good second-serve was a significant factor to win the service. From the performance in service return, consistency is very important in the slow court while in the fast court, it focus on the aggression. When serving the second serve, an oppressive service return can help break points. Finally, improving the quality of second serve and the strength of service return were the two significant factors for the players in breaking through the records.

並列關鍵字

service ； service return ； Grand Slam Tournament

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