探討綠茶與維生素抗氧化增補劑對運動適應效益之影響

Effectiveness of Green Tea and Vitamin Antioxidant Supplements on Exercise Adaptions

廖翊宏(Yi-Hung Liao) ； 周峻忠(Chun-Chung Chou) ； 魏振展(Chen-Chan Wei) ； 陳宗與(Chung-Yu Chen)

《運動教練科學》 48期 (2017/12) Pp. 89-105

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2017.48.09

摘要

劇烈運動引起體內氧化壓力的增加，已被認為是造成運動後肌肉損傷與急性發炎反應的可能原因，累積過度氧化壓力會降低運動表現與訓練品質。然而，近年來的研究指出，運動後所產生的氧化壓力扮演調節運動適應程度的重要角色。抗氧化補充品（如：維生素C、E與多酚類）已廣泛被專業或業餘運動員用來提高運動表現、促進運動恢復及改善身體組成之用途。然而目前研究結果對於這些抗氧化增補劑的最佳增補劑量與方式，結論仍不一致。本文旨在整合現有相關文獻，探討運動訓練過程所引發的肌肉損傷、發炎反應與氧化壓力之生理機制，並分析綠茶萃取物、維生素C、維生素E補充在單次運動與運動訓練時的保護作用及促進訓練適應之潛在效益與限制。經相關動物與人體研究回顧後，本文歸納出以下三點結論：一、短期綠茶萃取物／兒茶素補充明顯降低運動後肌肉損傷、氧化傷害及提升耐力表現，而長期補充則具有降低體脂率與增加抗氧化能力之效果；二、維生素C或合併維生素E補充可明顯降低單次運動後之肌肉損傷及氧化傷害，同時降低運動對肌肉收縮功能與肌力之負面影響，但長期增補可能降低耐力訓練適應效益；三、根據目前綠茶和維生素C、E研究之使用劑量範圍差距相當大，這可能會造成專業人員提供增補建議時的困難。

關鍵字

自由基 ； 氧化壓力 ； 運動訓練

並列摘要

It is well-known that high intensity exercise increases oxidatve stress. This can result in exercise-induced muscle damage, acute inflammation, and cumulative excess oxidative stress, all of which are recognized to negatively impact on exercise performance. The recent research suggests that exercise-induced oxidative stress may play a critical role regulating the adaptive response to exercise. In light of this, green tea extract (GTE) and vitamin antioxidant supplements (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, and polyphenols) are frequently employed by athletes to attenuate oxidative stress, thereby increasing exercise performance, accelerating post-exercise recovery and improving body composition. However, it is not clear in the literature how GTE and vitamin antioxidant supplementation promote adaptations to exercise, nor does the literature reveal an established dosage and supplementation strategy to optimize their effects. Therefore, with the present review we will take a mechanistic approach to examine the benefits and limitations of GTE, catechins, vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on attenuating post-exercise muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. After thorough a review of the literature we conclude that: (1) short-term GTE/catechins supplementation significantly enhances endurance capacity and reduces muscle damage and oxidative stress after exercise. While long-term supplementation reduces body fat percentage and increases anti-oxidative capacity. (2) Vitamin C or vitamin C/E supplementation decreases muscle damage and oxidative stress following a single bout of exercise. However, the long-term supplementation of vitamin C/ E may hamper the adaptive response to exercise training. (3) There is a wide range of green tea and vitamin antioxidant doses that have been tested, possibly making the prescription of these supplements difficult.

並列關鍵字

free radical ； oxidative stress ； exercise training

參考文獻

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