談「核」容易？：從烏坵選址看我國當前低放射性廢棄物最終處置問題

民國100年上半年是臺灣核廢料政策的轉捩點。該年2月，政府為因應地方制度改革（五都成立）與行政院組織改造，行政院原子能委員會對修正「低放射性廢棄物最終處理設施場址設置條例」（選址條例）一事，進行了一連串的意見徵詢。在本次修正中，回饋金的直接發放與反對式公投的導入構想引發眾多爭議，也迫使該會在同年3月1日發文表示不會繼續推動相關條文修正。然而，同年三月底，也就是全球關注福島核災之際，經濟部正式將金門縣所代管的烏坵鄉小坵嶼列為「建議候選場址」，此舉也造成極大之震撼。本文擬採取個案分析的方法，對烏坵的選址進行法政策學的分析。研究後發現，烏坵個案對現行選址條例與前述100年修正草案產生了諸多衝擊。具體來說，選址條例雖然強調「客觀要素無差別適用」，但由於條文中隱藏了不少制度性漏洞與缺失，致使離島選址在法條適用上極易出現原先預料不到的爭議。為集中爭點，本文將以烏坵為例，探究回饋金發放與公投相關議題在此個案上可能引發的討論。文末，作者認為雖然烏坵選址對現行選址條例形成了挑戰，但它卻也是臺灣核廢料環境治理未來發展的新契機。

關鍵字

核廢料；烏坵；低放射性廢棄物最終處理設施場址設置條例；公民投票；回饋金；環境治理

並列摘要

This paper is a legal policymaking study on the site selection process of Wuqiu using case study. It found that the case of Wuqiu has brought many impacts to the current site selection act, Act on Sites for Establishment of Low Level Radioactive Waste Final Disposal Facility. In general, although ”non-discriminatory treatment of objective factors” is emphasized in the site selection act, as there are many institutional loopholes and defects, unpredictable controversies arise easily in the applicability of the act when selecting sites from offshore islands. To centralize the related arguments, this paper investigated the potential controversies regarding feedback fund distribution and referendum-related issues with Wuqiu as an example. According to the author, although the selection of Wuqiu has challenged the current site selection act, it brought a new opportunity to the future development of environmental governance in respect to nuclear waste disposal in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

nuclear waste ； Wuqiu ； Act on Sites for Establishment of Low Level Radioactive Waste Final Disposal Facility ； referendum ； feedback fund ； environmental governance