南嶽慧思大師的教育思想

天台宗義的奠基人南嶽慧思大師，是南北朝時期重要的宗教家兼教育家。本文主要採取文本分析法，旨在說明其共三十年的教育行誼及諸多著述中所體現的教育思想。他的教育行誼可概分為三階段：（一）施教州與郢州時期，（二）雨化光州大蘇山時期，（三）住錫南嶽般若寺時期。其教育思想是：在教育目的上，主張引度人們從生死煩惱中超拔出來，趨向解脫；在學習途徑上，提出有相行、無相行二大門徑；在教育材料上，重視《法華經》、《般若經》，以及自編講義等；在教育方法上，兼採隨處游講法、口語講述法、問答回饋法、權顯神通法、高足代講法等多元方法。其教育精神與教育思想，在過去曾閃耀智慧光芒，在今天仍深具參考價值。

關鍵字

慧思大師；教育思想；天台宗

並列摘要

Master NanYue Huisi, the founder of Tian Tai Zong (Tian Tai School) of Nan Yue (South Mountain) was an important religionist and educator in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. This essay employs textual analysis to discuss his educational thought manifested during his thirty years' of service in education and in his writings. His contributions in education can be divided into three stages: (1) the time when he was teaching in Yanzhou and Yingzhou; (2) the time when he was instructing in Dasushan, Guangzhou; and (3) the time when he was living at Pranja Temple in Nanyue. His educational thought is, regarding the goal of education, he suggests guiding people to free themselves from the distress of life and death in order to be emancipated. In the ways of learning, he proposes two major practices-practice with aspect and practice without aspect. Regarding teaching materials, he emphasizes on Lotus Sutra, Wisdom Sutra, and the lecture notes edited by him. In educational method, it is rather diverse, including liberal instruction, didactic teaching, Q&A feedback method, instruction by disciples, and more. Illuminated with wisdom, his educational methods shed light on darkness in the past. Today, his educational thoughts still have high value for our references.