論勒熱訥的《自傳契約》對自傳研究的啟發

本文旨在指出一直以來存在於學界裡「自傳必需要符合史實」的說法，實在大有可商榷之空間。這說法其實存有內在問題，包括自傳是有讀者的作品、深刻體驗往往難以用筆墨言傳以及選取與隱瞞事實之間難以判斷。面對這些問題，筆者認為法國學者勒熱訥在《自傳契約》之說更為優勝。勒熱訥指出自傳所載均為「真確無誤的事實」，但是這並非指客觀歷史之真實，而是傳主的「心理事實」。為檢視勒熱訥之說的有效性，筆者查閱了不同篇幅、不同焦點、不同時代的，來自中港台的自傳共九部作品。最後，經過對不同的自傳作出考查，勒熱訥之說法大體上能夠得到印證。勒熱訥之說提醒了文學研究者應重視自傳內所寫下的生活意義，這樣或許能讓研究者發掘出自傳中更多的重要訊息。

關鍵字

自傳；勒熱訥；《自傳契約》；心理事實；真實性；生活意義

並列摘要

Chinese literature researchers have long defined autobiographies as reliable historical materials that need to report the writer's true personal history. However, this assertion is problematic. From a psychological perspective, people may repress traumatic experiences without consciously noticing. They may not be able to recall all events clearly or even simply forget them. From a literary perspective, autobiographies are types of compositions. It is also quite possible that the author may tell a story that paints them in a positive light. If researchers strongly hold to the idea that autobiographyies must be a recording historical truth, it may hinder them to understanding the true meaning within the autography and the author's on interpretation of the meaning of life. In response to this problematic assertion, this research used Philippe Lejeune's theory about autobiographies show a new perspective. With the perspective suggested by Lejeune, researchers could be able to more deeply understand the messages and true meanings written in autobiographies.