一部炎涼書－論張竹坡評點的時空敘事詩學

清初小說評點家張竹坡（1670－1698）承繼金聖歎敘事時空論，提出「特特錯亂其年譜」和「立架處」等說，顯見他的敘事時空論述具有「間架」與詩學意涵，相應當代新敘事學（Narratologies）關懷。本文主要考察張氏敘事時空的小說詩學和再現技巧，指出張竹坡細膩探討時間、空間的敘事詩學，又以「空間」敘事為核心，他將「時間寓言化」和「空間結構化」，實為時空一體的詩意性敘事。張竹坡敘事時空論述乃人文化的「主題時空」，隱喻人物關係，及小說主題和結構，隱喻冷暖世情。特別的是，作為一部大起結的敘述空間和二度敘事詩詞中的時間隱喻等說，可謂後世評點家脂硯齋、張新之、姚燮敘事時空論述的先聲。

關鍵字

張竹坡；評點；詩意性敘事

並列摘要

Zhang Zhu-Po (1670-1698), a literary critic of the early Qing Dynasty, continued the narrative time-space theory of Jin Shengtan and proposed the concepts of ”time warp” and ”space structure.” This accentuates his structural and poetic meaning with regard to narrative time-space theory, which corresponds to the concern towards contemporary narratology. The present study mainly investigates the novel poeticality and representation techniques of Zhang's narratives in time and space, pointing out how the narrative poetry of Zhang Zhu-Po exquisitely explored time and space. In addition, based on ”space” narrative, Zhang transformed ”time allegorization” and ”space structuralization” into a poetic narrative that integrates time and space. Zhang Zhu-Po's narrative time-space theory refers to the ”thematic time and space” of humanity and culture and serves as a metaphor for the relationship between people and objects, as well as for the theme and structure of novels, implicating the inconstancy of human affection. In particular, the time-space metaphor of the narrative space and two dimensional narrative poems can be seen as a harbinger for critics of later generations, including Rouge Inkstone, Zhang Xin-Zhi, and Yao Xie, in narrative time-space theory.