王廷相對朱子人性論之批判與侷限

Wang Ting-siang's Criticism and Limitation of Zu-Xi's Theory of Human Nature

陳德和(Te-Ho Chen)

《淡江中文學報》 28期 (2013/06) Pp. 65-101

https://doi.org/10.6187/tkujcl.201306.28-3

摘要

本文旨在探究王廷相對朱子人性論之批判及其侷限。基於此，本文共分為四個環節探討王廷相對朱子人性論的批判與侷限：其一，本文從朱、王在理氣論上的差異，指出王廷相如何由「性生於氣」說反駁朱子「性即理」說。其二，由於王廷相認為朱子本然之性說的理論根據，是源自於對孟子人性論的誤讀，故一方面重新詮釋告子生之謂性說，另一方面則主張孟子亦非性善論者。本文嘗試指出王廷相是如何由「性有善惡論」提出反駁「性善論」的論點。其三，由於王廷相不由人之普遍道德性安立人之道德行為，故他並不認為人之道德實踐必須立基在恢復道德善性上，他反而主張必須透過外在道德規範與人對道德的認知能力，才能使人走向為善去惡之途。此即是他以「性成於習」反駁「復性說」的基本立場。其四，本文在釐析王廷相對朱子人性論之批判後，亦嘗試分點探討王廷相人性論的侷限。期望通過以上四個環節，能完整的呈現王廷相在人性論議題上的洞見與侷限。

關鍵字

張載 ； 理一分殊 ； 氣 ； 氣質之性 ； 本然之性

並列摘要

The purpose of the Paper is to explore Wang Ting-siang's criticism and limitation of Zu-Xi's theory of human nature. Based on this, the Paper is divided into four sections to explore Wang Ting-siang's criticism and limitation of Zu-Xi's theory of human nature: First, the Paper points out how Wang Ting-siang refuted Zhu Xi's ”Human Nature is TianLi (Xin Ji Li)” from ”Human Nature derives from Qi” from the difference between Zhu Xi and Wang Ting-siang in Li-Qi Theory. Second, due to the fact that Wang Ting-siang considered Zhu Xi's theory to have originated from the misreading of Mencius's theory of human nature, on one hand, he re-interprets Gaozi's theory of human nature, on the other hand, and he also advocates that Mencius is also not part of the theory of the original goodness of human nature. The Paper attempts to point out how Wang Ting-siang presents the arguments for the ”theory of original goodness of human nature” from the ”theory of good and bad human nature. Third, due to that Wang Ting-siang does not determine the moral behavior of human from the general moral nature of human, he does not think that human moral practice must be established based on the resumption of moral goodness. He, on the other hand, advocated that it must go through external moral regulations and the human moral cognitive ability to allow people to be on the path of goodness. This is his basic position of using ”human nature derives from habit” to refute the ”Theory of Restoring Human Nature”. Fourth, after the Paper has analyzed the criticism of Wang Ting-siang on Zhu Xi's theory of human nature, it also attempts to explore the limitation of Wang Ting-siang's limitation of the theory of human nature. It expects a complete presentation of Wang Ting-siang's insights and limitations on the issue of the theory of human nature through the abovementioned four sections.

並列關鍵字

Zhang Zai ； Differentiation of Li ； Qi ； Natural disposition ； Moral nature

參考文獻

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