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傻女婿的傻樣-兼論中國民間故事中的家族關係

Foolishness of Fool Son-In-Law: Discussion of Family Relationships in Chinese Folklore

摘要


西方的民間故事,大多傾向個人的情感追求,我們的民間故事似乎常圍繞著婚姻關係、家族關係打轉,故事中出現的女婿或媳婦角色在西方是極為罕見的。本文以傻女婿的傻樣,來探討我們民間故事中的家族關係。首先,傻女婿故事中主要的情節,幾乎都圍繞著女婿在岳家應對不得體的內容,學話或拜壽時出盡洋相,受盡岳父或連襟奚落。身為女婿,公開的應對進退比不上他人,而三個女婿的差異更是為了凸顯一個呆傻女婿的邊緣性格。其次,本文針對傻女婿故事對房事的懵懂,探討長久以來傳統家族對子女的婚姻態度,傳宗接代是唯一要務。民間故事反映了幾百年來的觀念,家境不錯的家庭不管女兒死活,將好好的女兒嫁一個沒有行為能力的傻子,為了傳宗接代,傻子的父母更不管他人死活,只為自家香火。傻女婿的房事呈現一個民族可怕的傳宗接代思想,傳統觀念中對女性充滿歧視,對兒子的權力或性事則是縱容姑息。再者,本文也擬探討故事中翁婿、連襟、姊妹間的糾葛或較勁關係。傻女婿有時也會去捉弄岳家人,藉此獲得阿Q式的精神勝利,隱隱散發出一種傳統文化的劣根性。傻女婿故事類型中,有姊妹關係,連襟關係,也有翁婿關係,是一個與西方文化不同的家族縮影。

關鍵字

傻女婿 民間故事 家族關係

並列摘要


In the West, the folklore is mostly involved in the pursuit of personal emotion, whereas Chinese folklore tends to focus on marriage (in-laws) or family relationships. It is very rare to find characters of sons-in-law or daughters-in-law in western folklore. As to the foolishness of son-in-law, this article is to examine family relationships in Chinese folklore. The stories usually include the following main storylines: fool son-in-law acts improperly in the wife's family, making a fool of himself by learning to talk or offer birthday felicitations to his father-in-law, or fool son-in-law would be naïve about consummation, clearing showing how Chinese look at the marriage as the task of producing offspring. In addition, the stories often depict competitions or conflicts between father-and son-in-law, brothers-in-law or sisters, implicitly suggesting the vicious side of our social culture.

參考文獻


林蘭編1925《徐文長故事》,上海:北新書局
明馮夢龍(2002)。笑府。瀋陽:遼海出版社。
明遊戲主人(1985)。新鑴笑林廣記。臺北:天一出版社。
丁乃通、鄭建成譯(1986)。中國民間故事類型索引。北京:中國民間文藝出版社。
艾伯華、王燕生譯、周祖生譯(1999)。中國民間故事類型。北京:商務印書館。

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