「倫理」．「成人」．「知言」的三向度綰合－孟子「知人論世」、「以意逆志」之意向性探究

The Integration of ＂Ethics,＂ ＂Self-Cultivation,＂ and ＂Discernment＂: A Study on the Interpretation of Intentionality on Mencius's Concepts of ＂Understanding a Person and His Epoch＂ and ＂Meeting Authorial Intention with the Idea of the Text＂

陳靜容(Jing-Rong Chen)

《淡江中文學報》 31期 (2014/12) Pp. 35-54

https://doi.org/10.6187/tkujcl.201412.31-2

摘要

「知人論世」、「以意逆志」運用在詩文作品的鑑賞解讀中，在文學批評上產生了不容忽視的詮釋效用；然由孟子提出「知人論世」、「以意逆志」的「意向性」進行考察，可發現由此衍生的作品箋釋與批評方法並非孟子「意向性」之所在。本文轉由現象學所關注的「意向性」（Intentionality）探討為主軸，重新探究孟子「知人論世」、「以意逆志」的說詩主張，在孟子思想基源問題的核心價值肯認基礎上，重新檢視孟子說詩之法的詮釋「意向性」，提舉孟子之說詩，背後其實潛存了一綰合「倫理」、「知言」、「成人」三向度的理念追求，而此理念實化為一套讀詩方法以展示之。因此，孟子「知人論世」、「以意逆志」之詮釋「意向性」，即朝向「倫理」、「知言」、「成人」三向度渾全一體的社會世界進行擬構，較訴諸於純理論的分析更能貼近中國人的思維習慣與生命原相。

關鍵字

孟子 ； 知人論世 ； 以意逆志 ； 知言 ； 意向性

並列摘要

In the appreciation and interpretation of literary texts, the concepts of ＂understanding a person and his epoch＂ and ＂meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text＂ have indispensable interpretive values in literary criticism. However, a closer study at the ＂intentionality＂ of these two concepts as proposed by Mencius reveals that the derivative analyses and critical approaches in fact depart from Mencius's idea of ＂intentionality.＂ This study therefore focuses on the concept ＂intentionality＂ as understood in phenomenology in order to re-investigate Mencius's proposition of ＂understanding a person and his epoch＂ and ＂meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text＂ in the interpretation of literary texts. On the basis of recognizing the core values of Mencius's thoughts, this study re-examines the interpretative implications of ＂intentionality＂ as inherent in Mencius's theory. This study proposes that at the center of Mencius's interpretive methods lies the pursuit of three integrated dimensions: ＂ethics,＂ ＂self-cultivation,＂ and ＂discernment,＂ which is realized in a system of interpretation. Therefore, the interpretative ＂intentionality＂ of Mencius's ＂understanding a person and his epoch＂ and ＂meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text＂ is an imitative construction of a society which integrates ethics, discernment, and self-cultivation. Compared with purely theoretical analysis, such approach is closer to the Chinese way of thought and life philosophy.

並列關鍵字

Mencius ； understanding a person and his epoch ； meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text ； discernment ； intentionality

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