荷蘭時代麻豆社之經濟景況(1624-1661AD)

古倒風內海區域，原是西拉雅族麻豆社番活動的範圍，直至一六二九年「麻豆溪」事件發生後，荷蘭人始採武力征服麻豆社番的統治方式，建立實質的經濟殖民統治。因此，本文將從「部落交易到漢人移墾的經濟發展」、「魍港時期倒風內海的地理形勢」和「麻豆社的經濟活動」等三個研究方向，試圖瞭解在1624-1661年間，麻豆社番在荷蘭政權統治下的經濟活動與發展景況。其中，對於東印度公司「稅權出贌」制度的建立，是如何造成漢人的移墾，與此間漢番勢力的交替過程，先予以敘述。荷蘭對麻豆社的開墾與經濟物資的擷取，主要是著眼於緊鄰倒風內海的海運之便。因此隸屬於「魍港灣」的麻豆社域，其中的地理形勢與商貿範圍，也是本文敘述的重點。在商業活動與貨物的流通上，早在十七世紀荷蘭統治之前，麻豆社番就曾以鹿皮與中、日商販交易。日後逐漸成為魍港轉運點後，更成為鹿肉、石灰與戎克船修理的基地。「贌社制度」的實施，漢人移民更進行稻米、小麥的種植。同時，束印度公司各種貨物與植栽的流通引進，更取代原本單一的鹿皮與魚貝貿易。從其繁盛的商貿景況，突顯出荷蘭統治時期，麻豆社在台灣西南海域經濟活動中的地位。

關鍵字

西拉雅族；麻豆溪事件；贌社制度；番漢勢力消長；經濟移民；倒風內海；魍港

並列摘要

The Economical Situation in Mattauw Tribe under Duch Colonialism (1624-1661AD) Before the European contacted Taiwan, the Mattauw Tribe had carried on economic activities along Do-Feng Inland sea coast in the southwestern side of Taiwan. In 1624, they contacted the administration of the Dutch East India Company for the first time. The economic policies of the company impacted on the culture of the Mattauw Tribe. In this article, I describe the physical environments that served as constraints for the practice of economic activities. This kinds of economic activities in which people engage according to which the Mattauw Tribe's live reflect their culture. I examine the significant field that organized their economic activities and social organization. Therefore, the Mattauw Tribe's society could function and reproduce by itself. The economic activities of the Mattauw Tribe were mainly limited to agriculture, fishing, hunting and trading. In the Dutch colonial territory, the most important trading item in the Mattauw Tribe was derived from the deer. Nevertheless, the Mattauw Tribe constantly challenged the Dutch political authority and endeavored to work out the settlements for their best interests. After ”The Mattauw Brook Affair” in 1635, the Mattauw Tribe submitted to the Dutch that also faced the huge pressure from Chinese. Finally, I carefully analyze the movement of the Mattauw Tribe from their seventeenth-century homeland which was the important evidence showed the pressure from encroaching Chinese agriculturalists in the late seventeenth century. This appears its transformation as the result of the Dutch contact from the perspectives of both the Dutch and the Mattauw Tribe.