新生兒疼痛概念分析

疼痛是每個人都曾有過的經驗，它是一種主觀又難以描述的感受，而新生兒因為無法以言語明確表達疼痛，常使得照顧者難以正確評估及處理新生兒疼痛問題，甚至於忽視此問題存在。疼痛會影響新生兒身心安適，護理人員應對「新生兒疼痛」此概念有一定的瞭解，才能適當的評估新生兒的疼痛，提供減輕疼痛的相關措施，避免疼痛對新生兒的發展造成負面影響，提升新生兒照護品質。本文根據Walker和Avant(2005)的概念分析策略，分析新生兒疼痛的定義、鑑定性特徵、相關之前因與後果、實證性參考資料及建構案例。結果發現新生兒疼痛定義為：「出生至28天大嬰兒，因組織損傷致生理或行為發生轉變」；前因包括睡眠／覺醒狀態及過去疼痛經驗；結果為生理、行為及整體發展的改變。可用新生兒疼痛評估量表及生理測量作為評估新生兒疼痛的工具。使護理人員能對此概念有正確之認識，進而可具體應用於新生兒疼痛之臨床照護上。

關鍵字

新生兒；疼痛；概念分析

並列摘要

Everyone has experienced pain, which is a subjective feeling and difficulty to describe. Pain result negative impact on the human body physically and psychologically. It is often been ignored in neonates due to their inability to communicate. Nurses must understand the concept of neonatal pain in order to avoid negative influences over neonatal development, prevent damage as well as enhance quality of care. Based on the methodology of concept analysis provided by Walker and Avant (2005), this article describes conceptual definitions of neonatal pain, characteristics, antecedents and consequences, cause and effect, demonstrating examples, and empirical measurements. The definition of neonatal pain is subjective experiences of infants, aged from birth to twenty-eight days, who experience physical tissue damage or behavioral change. The antecedents include sleep/awake state and former pain experience. The consequences include either physical and behavior injury or the change of psychological development. Appropriate pain scale and physical examination can be used as the tools for assessing neonatal pain. Enable nurses to recognize the concept of neonatal pain could improve their further utilization in neonatal pain care in clinical setting.

並列關鍵字

neonate ； pain ； concept analysis

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新生兒疼痛概念分析

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