Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between physical self-concept and exercise self-efficacy for 5^(th) and 6^(th) grades students in Chiayi County. Method: 680 questionnaires were sent out, and 536 valid questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistical analysis and canonical correlation statistical methods were used. The results showed that there is a canonical correlation exists between physical self-concept (including exercise capacity and flexibility) and exercise self-efficacy (including health-leisure-related physical fitness and interpersonal relationship and life relaxation).