從腰椎受力探討鋪貨人員之性別選擇

A Study of Gender Selection of the Loading Staff from the View of Workloads of L5/S1

盧瑞琴(Lai-Chin Lu) ； 林怡惠(Yi-Huei Lin) ； 傅偉政(Wei-Jheng Fu) ； 黃于萍(Yu-Pin Huang)

《商業現代化學刊》 5卷3期 (2010/05) Pp. 19-30

https://doi.org/10.6132/JCM.2010.5.3.02

摘要

本研究以不同性別員工執行卸下作業時L5/S1受力之負荷程度，探討企業界選用鋪貨人員時，是否應納入性別之考量。運用The Motion Monitor(上标 TM) 3D動作監控系統進行實驗分析；作業型態包括卸下起始高度30cm、70cm、120cm及重量頻率組合4kg&6次／min、8kg&3次／min、12kg&2次／min，共9種作業型態。結果顯示：(1)性別、卸下起始高度與重量頻率組合差異皆達顯著水準，且性別與卸下起始高度有顯著交互作用。(2)男性受測者在卸下起始高度為30cm時，其L5/S1平均受力值大於其他起始高度，而女性受測者則是在12kg&2次／min時，其L5/S1平均受力值大於其他重量頻率組合。(3)在所有的作業型態中，女性受測者其L5/S1受力值皆未超出NIOSH所規範的危險範圍3400N。(4)在每分鐘作功相等之原則下，搬運重量是造成腰椎受力值增加的主要原因。(5)在性別條件之下顯示出卸下起始高度為30cm時斜率較大，推斷在搬運範圍低於膝高以下，男性的L5/S1平均受力值明顯大於女性。因此在此範圍以下的搬運工作，建議由女性擔任更為適合。因此，進行人工物料卸下作業的設計時，除了考慮重量、頻率、卸下起始高度之外，也應將性別納入考量，以提高整體工作安全，減少人員腰椎傷害。

關鍵字

3D動態監控系統 ； 卸下作業 ； L5/S1腰椎第5節／薦椎第1節

並列摘要

This Study focuses on the workloads of L5/S1 of loading operation on general manual material handling at different genders and when selecting the loading staff whether it should consider gender or not. This Study adopts the MotionMonitor(superscript TM) to analyze and compare with related literature. The 9 operation types included in the study derives from 3 initial loading heights (120cm, 70cm, and 30cm) and 3 weight-frequencies (4 kg at 6 times/min, 8 kg at 3 times/min, and 12 kg at 2 times /min). The results reveal that (1) gender, initial loading heights, and the discrepancy of weight frequency mix all reach significant level. (2) when males at initial loading height of 30cm, the L5/S1 average load is larger than the other heights; on the other hand, females at the weight-frequency 12 kg at 2 times/min, the L5/S1 average load is larger than weight frequency mix. (3) in all of the operation types, the L5/S1 load of females never exceed the dangerous range 3400N ruled by NIOSH. (4) by the principle of loading operation per minute equally, the weight of loading is the main reason causes the increase of L5/S1 load. (5) by the condition of gender that reveals the slope is larger at 30 cm initial loading height. We speculate the L5/S1 of loading of males significantly larger than females when the range of loading operation is under knee. For this reason, we suggest female would be more appropriate to load at this range. Therefore, when design manual material loading of operation; it considers not only weight, frequency, and initial loading height but also gender for increasing whole work safely and decreasing the hurt to lumbar.

並列關鍵字

The MotionMonitor(superscript TM) ； loading operation ； Lumbar 5/Sacral 1