台灣、香港與中國大陸跨文化之比較：以Hofstede文化構面分析

A Comparative Analysis of Culture among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China: Employing Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

涂榮宗(Jung-Tsung Tu) ； 劉昇雯(Sheng-Wen Liu) ； 丁美靜(May-Jing Ting)

《環球科技人文學刊》 9期 (2009/05) Pp. 43-59

https://doi.org/10.29932/JSTHTI.200905.0004

摘要

台灣、香港和中國大陸雖然有著近似的祖先和文化背景，但也各自發展出其特有之文化。從歷史事實的角度來看，1985年台灣成爲日本之殖民地但目前也跟隨著美國之腳步；香港被英國統治了156年，制度及文化上跟隨英國的後塵；而中國大陸自1945年以來，採行了計劃經濟並且施行了共產主義；不同的時空背景也讓每個地區發展出獨特的經濟和教育體系。這文化、歷史背景之差異，使得台灣、香港和中國大陸不僅須瞭解如何與世界各國溝通，並且也須瞭解如何在這三個地區的內部溝通。
該研究中，Hofstede的個人主義／集體主義模式是依變數，藉此驗證該三個地區文化是否顯著差異。而ANOVA 則用來檢視台灣、香港和中國大陸的個人主義／集體主義程度是否有其差異性。研究結果發現台灣、香港和中國大陸的個人主義/集體主義程度有顯著的差異性；台灣有著最高傾向的集體主義、而香港有著最高程度的個人主義。而這樣的結果和Hofstede之前研究結果是有一致性的。

關鍵字

大中華地區 ； 文化 ； Hofstede的文化構面

並列摘要

Although Taiwan, Hong Kong and Mainland China share a similar ancestry and cultural background, each has developed unique practices and cultures. As a result of historical circumstances, each has developed differing economic and educational systems. From the viewpoint of history, Taiwan became a Japan's colony in 1985, and also typically follows American practices. Hong Kong was ruled by England for 156 years, and typically follows British practices. Mainland China has adopted the command economic system and communism since 1945. These historic-cultural different among Chinese make it increasingly more important for Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China not only to understand how to communicate with the rest of the world, but also to understand how to communicate with each other.
In this research, Hofstede's model of individualism-collectivism value system was a dependent variable reflecting the culture. For Research Question, an ANOVA was conducted to investigate individualism/collectivism degree in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China. The findings were a statistically significant difference between the individualist/collectivist attitude among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China. Hong Kong has highest individualism attitude compared to Taiwan and Mainland China. Taiwan has highest collectivism attitude compared to Mainland China and Hong Kong. These results of the study were consistent with the findings of the prior empirical study by Hofstede.

並列關鍵字

Greater China ； Culture ； Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions