資訊陳述的發話構造與其表達特徵之分析－日語與台灣華語之對照比較

The Structure and the Expression Features of Information-Statement: A Contrastive Analysis of Japanese and Taiwanese Mandarin in the Conversations

黃英哲(Ying-Che Huang)

《台灣日語教育學報》 23號 (2014/12) Pp. 58-87

https://doi.org/10.29758/TWRYJYSB.201412_(23).0003

摘要

本篇論文乃針對資訊陳述的行為與其發話的構造，進行日語與台灣華語的對照研究。分析的資料乃採電視與收音機廣播中訪談節目裡一對一的對話錄音。所謂資訊陳述是指說話者將自身知曉的事情與其經歷過的事情傳達給受話的一方。分析的結果可列出如下4點。（1）資訊陳述可由起頭、內容傳達、結尾3個部分組成。日語對話中以此3個部分皆到齊的組合之比率較高；而台灣華語對話則以“結尾部分”缺的組合比率較高。（2）二種語言皆可於資訊陳述時的“起頭部分”與“內容傳達”之開始處發現13種表達的技巧。（3）若將資訊陳述裡最起頭的表達視為前置表達，則日語裡可發現有較多如「はい型、いや型、そうですね、まあ型、あのー」等詞語；而台灣華語中則可發現有較多如「重複對方重點語句」之使用與“對～、嗯～、所以～”型等詞語之出現。針對“內容傳達”中之第一句發話的表達特色解析後發現在日語裡有較多「です/ます」及其變化形，「～けど型、～ね、～ので型」等的表達；而在台灣華語裡較常出現的表達按其多寡排序有“是～、就～”型等。關於資訊陳述時的結尾標幟，在日語裡以「ね、けど型、はい型」等詞語的使用較為顯目；而台灣華語中則可觀察許多“的、了、對不對（是不是）、啊”等詞句。（4）解析說話者如何讓自己的資訊傳達得以持續後，發現二種語言皆可依是否與對話方有關來觀察，並各皆有其持續發話的技巧。

關鍵字

陳述資訊 ； 台灣華語 ； 對照分析 ； 起頭 ； 結尾

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the structure and the express ion features of information-statement both in Japanese and Taiwanese Mandarin. The data for the analysis is naturally-occurring interview-style conversations on TV and radio programs. When we telling the facts or experences to someone, we should use the utterances called information-statement. 4 outcomes could be summarized as follows: (1) ＂Starting-up＂, ＂content＂, ＂ending＂ are the main elements in an information-statement. In Japanese dialogue, the ratio of combination contained all 3 elements is relatively higher while the rate of combination without the ending element is higher in Taiwanese Mandarin dialogue. (2)13 kinds of expression skills can be found at the beginning stage of information-statement in both languages. (3) The markers occurring at the beginning of the starting-up such as ＂hai＂, ＂iya＂, ＂soudesune＂, ＂maa＂, ＂anoo＂ etc. were been examined in Japanese, and such as ＂reuse the key word or sentence used by speaker＂, ＂due＂, ＂un＂, ＂suo-yi＂ etc. were been examined in Taiwanese Mandarin. The expression features of the first utterance in the ＂content＂ such as ＂desu/masu＂, ＂kedo＂, ＂ne＂, ＂node＂ etc. in Japanese, and such as ＂shi＂, ＂jiu＂ etc. in Taiwanese Mandarin were been examined. The ending features are the usage of ＂ne＂, ＂kedo＂, ＂hai＂ etc. in Japanese, and the usage of ＂de＂, ＂le＂, ＂due-bu-due＂, ＂a＂ etc. in Taiwanese Mandarin. (4) In order to keep the information-statement ongoing, some skills have been utilized either from the speaker or from the hearer.

並列關鍵字

information-statement ； Taiwanese Mandarin ； contrastive analysis ； starting-up ； ending

參考文獻

Labov,W.(1972).Language in the Inner City.Philadephia:University of Pennsylvania press.

Maynard, S.K.(1989).Japanese Conversation: Self-contextualization through Structure and Interactional Management.Norwood:Ablex Publ ishing Corporation.

山﨑和夫編、松村瑞子編(2012)。言語と文化の対話。花書院出版。

石川智()。

佐々木泰子(2010)。接触場面と母語場面― 体験談の終結部からみたその特徴―。言語文化と日本語教育。39，33-40。