從姑娘廟信仰與傳說探討臺灣女性角色變遷

漢人文化屬於父系社會，未婚女子過世後沒有夫宗可以依附，亦無法入家祀受祭，遂立姑娘廟來擺放她們的牌位。姑娘廟在大陸和臺灣皆有，但尤其在臺灣特別盛行。因此本研究想藉由分析姑娘廟的現象與傳聞，並使用深度訪談來探究臺灣女性的性別角色，以及這樣的角色是否因時代變遷而有所改變。受訪者共四名，兩男兩女，有拜過姑娘廟與沒拜過的受訪者分別為一男一女。研究結果發現，無論男女都對祭拜姑娘廟稍有忌諱，但普遍認為姑娘廟傳說來自於社會文化對女性性別角色的形塑，也覺得現代未婚女性應能在自己家中接受祭祀，顯示傳統男尊女卑的觀念與台灣女性性別角色已逐漸改變。

關鍵字

姑娘廟；鬼靈崇拜；女性性別角色

並列摘要

The traditional Han culture is characterized by patrilineal descent. Deceased, single women do not have patrilineal families by marriage to be admitted in; neither can they be worshiped as ancestors in their maiden home, hence the establishment of Gu-niang Temple where their memorial tablets are settled. As common establishments seemed in both sides of Taiwan Strait, Gu-niang Temples are especially popular in Taiwan. This research paper aims to discuss Taiwanese feminine gender role and its adaptation through time by analyzing phenomenon and tales of Gu-niang Temple as well as interviews in depth. There are 2 male and 2 female interviewees in total, with one from each gender having the experiences in worshiping Gu-niang Temple. This research discovers that worshiping Gu-niang Temple is viewed as taboo across genders. However, the myth of Gu-niang Temple is commonly perceived as a result of social shaping of feminine gender role. It is also a consensus that modern unmarried women should be allowed to be worshiped in their maiden home. These results have concluded that the traditional male superiority conception and Taiwanese feminine gender role have been gradually changing.