家屬所知覺的性侵害事件對智能障礙受害者心理影響之初探研究

A Pilot Study of Psychological Impact of Sexual Abuse on Victims with Intellectual Disabilities Perceived by Family Members

劉文英(Wen-Ying Liu)

《亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊》 5卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 25-44

https://doi.org/10.29804/AJDVSO.200912.0002

摘要

本研究主要目的爲探討家屬所知覺的性侵害事件對智能障礙受害者的心理影響。研究方法採用個別訪談針對16位智能障礙受害者之家屬進行蒐集資料。
研究結果發現家屬知覺二位重度智能障礙者遭受性侵害後未出現任何負面心理影響。但是家屬知覺有些智能障礙受害者在生理上出現飲食異常與作惡夢的現象；在情緒上出現害怕反應、憂鬱情緒、分心恍神、被人觸摸時情緒激動、逃避與受害事件有關的話題及情緒暴躁易怒等六種症狀；在行爲上出現不合宜的性行爲、攻擊、自言自語、自責／自傷及退化行爲等五種症狀。
此外，也發現家屬所知覺的智能障礙受害者出現的上述負面心理影響類似PTSD的痛苦經驗再現、逃避與反應麻木、與過度警覺，以及Finkelhor(1987)所提的四種性侵害創傷動力模式中的創傷性行爲、自我污名化、背叛、無力感。

關鍵字

性侵害 ； 性侵害創傷動力模式 ； 智能障礙 ； 創傷後壓力症候群

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological impact of sexual abuse on victims with intellectual disabilities (ID). The data were collected from 16 family members of victims through individual interviews.
The results showed some victims with ID did not show any negative impact on their psychological adjustment. However, other victims with ID did show negative psychological impact. Abnormal eating and nightmares were reported for the physiological symptoms. Fearfulness, depressive state, distraction or trancelike state, strong responses when being touched by others, avoidance of topics related to the abuse, and irritation were reported for the emotional symptoms. As for the behavioral symptoms, inappropriate sexual behavior, aggression, whining, self-blame/self-destruction, and regressive behavior were reported.
Besides, the symptoms reported above were similar to the intrusive, avoidant, and arousal symptoms of PTSD and the traumatic sexualization, stigmatization, betrayal, and powerlessness of the Four Traumagenic Dynamics of Sexual Abuse as Finkelhor (1987) proposed. Finally, the suggestions toward practices were discussed in this paper.

並列關鍵字

intellectual disability ； sexual abuse ； PTSD ； Four Traumagenic Dynamics of Sexual Abuse